Teaching Notes 2 CORINTHIANS 7 to 13
Hugh Wood, Atlanta, Georgia
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The first Quarantine in the USA since 1918 continues. It is Day 32.
April 8 - 16, 2020 is Passover. I pray that the Angel of Death that is out there "passover" me and my house. Amen.
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"The grass withers and the flower [fades], but the word of [the Lord] endures forever.” Isaiah 40:8."
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This Book, the 2nd Letter to the Church at Corinth, was almost certainly written by Paul. It is addressed to the church in Corinth, in Greece. It is in every early accepted copy of the Bible. It is likely written in AD 56. (Some say 57AD).
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Chapter
7. The Report of Titus
Timothy
had been sent earlier, I Cor 4:17; 16:10. Timothy was
timid
by nature, and not exactly suited for stem disciplinary
measures
required by the Corinthian situation.
Then
Paul sent Titus, II Cor 2:13; 7:6,13; 12:18, who, for such
situations,
was probably the most capable helper Paul had. He
probably
went after Paul’s second visit, and carried the Letter
referred
to in 2:3. His mission was successful.
The
person over whom the trouble had arisen, I Cor 5:1-5, was
probably
very influential. It seems that he persisted in his sin, and
led
an open revolt against Paul, carrying some of the leaders
with
him. But under the influence of Paul’s second Letter, and the
presence
of Titus, the Church as a whole was brought back into
line,
resulting in the Humiliation of the Offender. This was the
Good
News that Titus reported, 7-16.
Chapter
8,9. Offering for The Mother-Church
These
two chapters contain instructions about the Offering for
the
Poor Saints in Jerusalem, which Paul took at the close of his-
Third
Missionary Journey. It was probably gathered in all the
Minor and
Greece, although only those of Churches of Asia
Macedonia,
Achaia, and Galatia are named. It had been started
a
year before, 8:10. The Macedonian Churches had entered into
it
Whole—Heartedly. Even the very poor were giving generously.
Paul
was there at the time he wrote this.
Philippi,
the leading Macedonian Church, was the only Church
from
which Paul had accepted Pay for his Work, and that after
he
had gone away.
In
these two chapters we have the most complete instructions
about
Church Giving which the New Testament contains. Though
it
is an offering for Charity, we presume the Principles here
stated
should be the Guide for Churches in the taking of all
their
Offerings, both those for Self-Support and those for Mise
sionary
and Benevolent enterprises.
Voluntary. Proportionate.
Systematic.
Above Reproach in its Business Administration, 8:19-
21.
That God will abundantly Reward those who Give Liberally
is
specially emphasized. The spirit of Brotherly Kindness thus
manifested
is called the Unspeakable Gift, 9:15.
Chapter
10. Paul’s Personal Appearance
Some
things in this chapter seem to have been suggested by
the
charge of his enemies that Paul was Weak in Personal Ap—
pearance,
1,10. There is no hint in the NT as to what Paul looked
like.
A legend, dating from the 2nd century, says he was a man
of Moderate
Stature, Curly Hair, Scanty
Crooked Legs, Blue
Eyes,
Large Knit Brows, Long Nose, full of the Grace and Pity
of
the Lord, sometimes having the Appearance of a Man, some-
times
looking like an Angel.
Another
tradition has it that he was Small in Stature, Bald.-
headed,
Bowlegged, Stout, Close-browed, with a slightly prom-
inent
Nose, and full of Grace.
There
are NT hints that he had Eye Trouble which, at times,
made
him repulsive in appearance. But the charge
of his
enemies that he was a Weak Personality, 10, certainly was
without
basis. It is just not possible to think that of a man who
turned
city after city upside down, as Paul did. Unquestionably
Paul
was as Powerful and Dominating a Personality, and, all in
all,
as Great a Man as has ever lived on this earth, except only
Jesus.
In
reply to the charge that he was Weak, he tells them, that; at
least,
he Founded His Own Churches, and did not go around
Troubling
Churches founded by others, as they were doing.
Chapter
11. Paul's Apology for Boasting
In
parts of the Epistle Paul is addressing the Loyal Majority,
in
other parts the Disloyal Minority. The latter seem to be in
his
mind in the last four chapters. He realizes the unseemliness
of.
Boasting about himself, but they forced him to it.
They
had been making capital out of the fact that he had
Refused
Pay for his work in Corinth, 7-9. He explains that, while,
as
an Apostle of. Christ, he had the right, I Cor 9, yet he had
purposely
Refused Pay, lest his example be abused by False
Teachers
who were seeking to Make Merchandise of the Church.
From
the beginning oi his Work in Corinth Paul must have no-
ticed
tendencies to Covetous Leadership in some of his converts,
and
so governed himself accordingly.
One
of the things of which Paul could boast was that they
could
not accuse him of. Covetousness.
Then,
in a passage of dramatic power, 22-33, he challenges his
critics
to compare themselves with him by every standard: as
a
Loyal Hebrew: and as an Effective Worker for Christ, he had
done
more than all of them put together: and as a Sufferer for
Christ,
his whole career as a Christian Apostle had been an
unbroken
story of Living Martyrdom. .
Chapter
12. Paul's Thorn in The Flesh
His
Vision of Paradise, 1-7. He was caught up “into" Para-
dise,
4, "even to" the Third Heaven, 2; 'as if Paradise and the
Third
Heaven are two separate parts of the Future World.
Jesus
went into Paradise immediately at Death, Lk 23:43. As to
the
Third Heaven, there is no other passage in which the term is
used,
which might throw light on its meaning.
Some
think Paradise and Third Heaven are synonymous terms
for
the Abode of God. But Into one, Even To the other, make
it
appear that they are two distinct places.
Inasmuch
as Jesus passed Immediately into Paradise, Paradise
is
thoughtito be the abode of disembodied spirits Between Death
and
Resurrection. The Third Heaven is thought to be the Final
Abode
of the redeemed in their Resurrection Bodies: an existence
more
glorious than Paradise, as Paradise is more glorious than
earthly
existence. That there is an Intermediate state between
Death
and the Resurrection seems to be plainly implied in NT
Teaching.
What
Paul saw and heard in his Vision of Paradise, it was not
Lawful
for him to utter, 4. This may mean that, to strengthen
Paul
for his special mission and the exceptional suffering he was
to
endure, God gave him a special vision of Future Glory, part
of which
he was forbidden to reveal to others. But probably
“possible"
would be a better translation than “lawful", the
meaning
being that there is no human language adequate to
describe
the Glory of Heaven: as the idea of Color could not
be
conveyed to a person who had been born blind.
Paul’s
Thorn in the Flesh, 7. There are various opinions as
to
what this was. The view quite generally held, and which, to
us,
seems most likely to be correct, is that it was Chronic Ophthal-
mia,
a disease of the Eyes, which was not extremely Painful,
but,
at times, made him Repulsive in Appearance.
This
seems to be borne out by the language of the Epistles.
It
came upon Paul 14 years before he wrote this Epistle, 2.7,
which
was about the time of his entrance into Galatia, on his
First
Missionary Journey.
His
entrance into Galatia was occasioned by some sort of
Physical
Infirmity, Gal 4:13, so offensive in appearance that it
constituted
a sore trial to anyone in his presence, Gal 4:14.
They
would have given their own Eyes, Gal 4:15. Why Eyes,
unless
that was his particular need?
Paul's
customary “large” handwriting, Gal 6:11, may have been
due
to poor eyesight. This may have been the reason Paul
Dictated
his Epistles to some of his helpers.
Chapter
13. Paul's Intended Visit to Corinth
Paul
wrote this Epistle in the Summer of 57 A D. He got to
Corinth
in the Fall. Spent the Winter there. And, in the following
Spring
departed for Jerusalem.
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From The Bible Project (c)
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2 Corinthians 7 New International Version (NIV)
7 Therefore, since we have these promises, dear friends, let us purify
ourselves from everything that contaminates body and spirit, perfecting
holiness out of reverence for God.
Paul’s Joy Over the Church’s Repentance
2 Make room for us in your hearts. We have wronged no one, we have
corrupted no one, we have exploited no one. 3 I do not say this to condemn you;
I have said before that you have such a place in our hearts that we would live
or die with you. 4 I have spoken to you with great frankness; I take great
pride in you. I am greatly encouraged; in all our troubles my joy knows no
bounds.
5 For when we came into Macedonia, we had no rest, but we were harassed
at every turn—conflicts on the outside, fears within. 6 But God, who comforts
the downcast, comforted us by the coming of Titus, 7 and not only by his coming
but also by the comfort you had given him. He told us about your longing for
me, your deep sorrow, your ardent concern for me, so that my joy was greater
than ever.
8 Even if I caused you sorrow by my letter, I do not regret it. Though
I did regret it—I see that my letter hurt you, but only for a little while— 9
yet now I am happy, not because you were made sorry, but because your sorrow
led you to repentance. For you became sorrowful as God intended and so were not
harmed in any way by us. 10 Godly sorrow brings repentance that leads to
salvation and leaves no regret, but worldly sorrow brings death. 11 See what
this godly sorrow has produced in you: what earnestness, what eagerness to
clear yourselves, what indignation, what alarm, what longing, what concern,
what readiness to see justice done. At every point you have proved yourselves
to be innocent in this matter. 12 So even though I wrote to you, it was neither
on account of the one who did the wrong nor on account of the injured party,
but rather that before God you could see for yourselves how devoted to us you
are. 13 By all this we are encouraged.
In addition to our own encouragement, we were especially delighted to
see how happy Titus was, because his spirit has been refreshed by all of you.
14 I had boasted to him about you, and you have not embarrassed me. But just as
everything we said to you was true, so our boasting about you to Titus has
proved to be true as well. 15 And his affection for you is all the greater when
he remembers that you were all obedient, receiving him with fear and trembling.
16 I am glad I can have complete confidence in you.
2 Corinthians 8 New International Version (NIV)
The Collection for the Lord’s People
8 And now, brothers and sisters, we want you to know about the grace
that God has given the Macedonian churches. 2 In the midst of a very severe
trial, their overflowing joy and their extreme poverty welled up in rich
generosity. 3 For I testify that they gave as much as they were able, and even
beyond their ability. Entirely on their own, 4 they urgently pleaded with us
for the privilege of sharing in this service to the Lord’s people. 5 And they
exceeded our expectations: They gave themselves first of all to the Lord, and
then by the will of God also to us. 6 So we urged Titus, just as he had earlier
made a beginning, to bring also to completion this act of grace on your part. 7
But since you excel in everything—in faith, in speech, in knowledge, in
complete earnestness and in the love we have kindled in you[a]—see that you
also excel in this grace of giving.
8 I am not commanding you, but I want to test the sincerity of your
love by comparing it with the earnestness of others. 9 For you know the grace
of our Lord Jesus Christ, that though he was rich, yet for your sake he became
poor, so that you through his poverty might become rich.
10 And here is my judgment about what is best for you in this matter.
Last year you were the first not only to give but also to have the desire to do
so. 11 Now finish the work, so that your eager willingness to do it may be
matched by your completion of it, according to your means. 12 For if the
willingness is there, the gift is acceptable according to what one has, not
according to what one does not have.
13 Our desire is not that others might be relieved while you are hard
pressed, but that there might be equality. 14 At the present time your plenty
will supply what they need, so that in turn their plenty will supply what you
need. The goal is equality, 15 as it is written: “The one who gathered much did
not have too much, and the one who gathered little did not have too little.”[b]
Titus Sent to Receive the Collection
16 Thanks be to God, who put into the heart of Titus the same concern I
have for you. 17 For Titus not only welcomed our appeal, but he is coming to
you with much enthusiasm and on his own initiative. 18 And we are sending along
with him the brother who is praised by all the churches for his service to the
gospel. 19 What is more, he was chosen by the churches to accompany us as we
carry the offering, which we administer in order to honor the Lord himself and
to show our eagerness to help. 20 We want to avoid any criticism of the way we
administer this liberal gift. 21 For we are taking pains to do what is right,
not only in the eyes of the Lord but also in the eyes of man.
22 In addition, we are sending with them our brother who has often
proved to us in many ways that he is zealous, and now even more so because of
his great confidence in you. 23 As for Titus, he is my partner and co-worker
among you; as for our brothers, they are representatives of the churches and an
honor to Christ. 24 Therefore show these men the proof of your love and the
reason for our pride in you, so that the churches can see it.
Footnotes:
2 Corinthians 8:7 Some manuscripts and in your love for us
2 Corinthians 8:15 Exodus 16:18
2 Corinthians 9 New International Version (NIV)
9 There is no need for me to write to you about this service to the
Lord’s people. 2 For I know your eagerness to help, and I have been boasting
about it to the Macedonians, telling them that since last year you in Achaia
were ready to give; and your enthusiasm has stirred most of them to action. 3
But I am sending the brothers in order that our boasting about you in this
matter should not prove hollow, but that you may be ready, as I said you would
be. 4 For if any Macedonians come with me and find you unprepared, we—not to
say anything about you—would be ashamed of having been so confident. 5 So I
thought it necessary to urge the brothers to visit you in advance and finish
the arrangements for the generous gift you had promised. Then it will be ready
as a generous gift, not as one grudgingly given.
Generosity Encouraged
6 Remember this: Whoever sows sparingly will also reap sparingly, and
whoever sows generously will also reap generously. 7 Each of you should give
what you have decided in your heart to give, not reluctantly or under
compulsion, for
God loves a cheerful giver. 8 And God is able to bless you
abundantly, so that in all things at all times, having all that you need, you
will abound in every good work. 9 As it is written:
“They have freely scattered their gifts to the poor;
their righteousness endures
forever.”[a]
10 Now he who supplies seed to the sower and bread for food will also
supply and increase your store of seed and will enlarge the harvest of your
righteousness. 11 You will be enriched in every way so that you can be generous
on every occasion, and through us your generosity will result in thanksgiving
to God.
12 This service that you perform is not only supplying the needs of the
Lord’s people but is also overflowing in many expressions of thanks to God. 13
Because of the service by which you have proved yourselves, others will praise
God for the obedience that accompanies your confession of the gospel of Christ,
and for your generosity in sharing with them and with everyone else. 14 And in
their prayers for you their hearts will go out to you, because of the
surpassing grace God has given you. 15 Thanks be to God for his indescribable
gift!
Footnotes:
2 Corinthians 9:9 Psalm 112:9
2 Corinthians 10 New International Version (NIV)
Paul’s Defense of His Ministry
10 By the humility and gentleness of Christ, I appeal to you—I, Paul,
who am “timid” when face to face with you, but “bold” toward you when away! 2 I
beg you that when I come I may not have to be as bold as I expect to be toward
some people who think that we live by the standards of this world. 3 For though
we live in the world, we do not wage war as the world does. 4 The weapons we
fight with are not the weapons of the world. On the contrary, they have divine
power to demolish strongholds. 5 We demolish arguments and every pretension
that sets itself up against the knowledge of God, and we take captive every
thought to make it obedient to Christ. 6 And we will be ready to punish every
act of disobedience, once your obedience is complete.
7 You are judging by appearances.[a] If anyone is confident that they
belong to Christ, they should consider again that we belong to Christ just as
much as they do. 8 So even if I boast somewhat freely about the authority the
Lord gave us for building you up rather than tearing you down, I will not be
ashamed of it. 9 I do not want to seem to be trying to frighten you with my
letters. 10 For some say, “His letters are weighty and forceful, but in person
he is unimpressive and his speaking amounts to nothing.” 11 Such people should
realize that what we are in our letters when we are absent, we will be in our
actions when we are present.
12 We do not dare to classify or compare ourselves with some who
commend themselves. When they measure themselves by themselves and compare
themselves with themselves, they are not wise. 13 We, however, will not boast
beyond proper limits, but will confine our boasting to the sphere of service
God himself has assigned to us, a sphere that also includes you. 14 We are not
going too far in our boasting, as would be the case if we had not come to you,
for we did get as far as you with the gospel of Christ. 15 Neither do we go
beyond our limits by boasting of work done by others. Our hope is that, as your
faith continues to grow, our sphere of activity among you will greatly expand,
16 so that we can preach the gospel in the regions beyond you. For we do not
want to boast about work already done in someone else’s territory. 17 But, “Let
the one who boasts boast in the Lord.”[b] 18 For it is not the one who commends
himself who is approved, but the one whom the Lord commends.
Footnotes:
2 Corinthians 10:7 Or Look at the obvious facts
2 Corinthians 10:17 Jer. 9:24
2 Corinthians 11 New International Version (NIV)
Paul and the False Apostles
11 I hope you will put up with me in a little foolishness. Yes, please
put up with me! 2 I am jealous for you with a godly jealousy. I promised you to
one husband, to Christ, so that I might present you as a pure virgin to him. 3
But I am afraid that just as Eve was deceived by the serpent’s cunning, your
minds may somehow be led astray from your sincere and pure devotion to Christ.
4 For if someone comes to you and preaches a Jesus other than the Jesus we
preached, or if you receive a different spirit from the Spirit you received, or
a different gospel from the one you accepted, you put up with it easily enough.
5 I do not think I am in the least inferior to those
“super-apostles.”[a] 6 I may indeed be untrained as a speaker, but I do have
knowledge. We have made this perfectly clear to you in every way. 7 Was it a
sin for me to lower myself in order to elevate you by preaching the gospel of
God to you free of charge? 8 I robbed other churches by receiving support from
them so as to serve you. 9 And when I was with you and needed something, I was
not a burden to anyone, for the brothers who came from Macedonia supplied what
I needed. I have kept myself from being a burden to you in any way, and will
continue to do so. 10 As surely as the truth of Christ is in me, nobody in the
regions of Achaia will stop this boasting of mine. 11 Why? Because I do not
love you? God knows I do!
12 And I will keep on doing what I am doing in order to cut the ground
from under those who want an opportunity to be considered equal with us in the
things they boast about. 13 For such people are false apostles, deceitful
workers, masquerading as apostles of Christ. 14 And no wonder, for Satan
himself masquerades as an angel of light. 15 It is not surprising, then, if his
servants also masquerade as servants of righteousness. Their end will be what
their actions deserve.
Paul Boasts About His Sufferings
16 I repeat: Let no one take me for a fool. But if you do, then
tolerate me just as you would a fool, so that I may do a little boasting. 17 In
this self-confident boasting I am not talking as the Lord would, but as a fool.
18 Since many are boasting in the way the world does, I too will boast. 19 You
gladly put up with fools since you are so wise! 20 In fact, you even put up
with anyone who enslaves you or exploits you or takes advantage of you or puts
on airs or slaps you in the face. 21 To my shame I admit that we were too weak
for that!
Whatever anyone else dares to boast about—I am speaking as a fool—I
also dare to boast about. 22 Are they Hebrews? So am I. Are they Israelites? So
am I. Are they Abraham’s descendants? So am I. 23 Are they servants of Christ?
(I am out of my mind to talk like this.) I am more. I have worked much harder,
been in prison more frequently, been flogged more severely, and been exposed to
death again and again. 24 Five times I received from the Jews the forty lashes
minus one. 25 Three times I was beaten with rods, once I was pelted with
stones, three times I was shipwrecked, I spent a night and a day in the open
sea, 26 I have been constantly on the move. I have been in danger from rivers,
in danger from bandits, in danger from my fellow Jews, in danger from Gentiles;
in danger in the city, in danger in the country, in danger at sea; and in
danger from false believers. 27 I have labored and toiled and have often gone
without sleep; I have known hunger and thirst and have often gone without food;
I have been cold and naked. 28 Besides everything else, I face daily the
pressure of my concern for all the churches. 29 Who is weak, and I do not feel
weak? Who is led into sin, and I do not inwardly burn?
30 If I must boast, I will boast of the things that show my weakness.
31 The God and Father of the Lord Jesus, who is to be praised forever, knows
that I am not lying. 32 In Damascus the governor under King Aretas had the city
of the Damascenes guarded in order to arrest me. 33 But I was lowered in a
basket from a window in the wall and slipped through his hands.
Footnotes:
2 Corinthians 11:5 Or to the most eminent apostles
2 Corinthians 12 New International Version (NIV)
Paul’s Vision and His Thorn
12 I must go on boasting. Although there is nothing to be gained, I
will go on to visions and revelations from the Lord. 2 I know a man in Christ
who fourteen years ago was caught up to the third heaven. Whether it was in the
body or out of the body I do not know—God knows. 3 And I know that this
man—whether in the body or apart from the body I do not know, but God knows— 4
was caught up to paradise and heard inexpressible things, things that no one is
permitted to tell. 5 I will boast about a man like that, but I will not boast
about myself, except about my weaknesses. 6 Even if I should choose to boast, I
would not be a fool, because I would be speaking the truth. But I refrain, so
no one will think more of me than is warranted by what I do or say, 7 or because
of these surpassingly great revelations. Therefore, in order to keep me from
becoming conceited, I was given a thorn in my flesh, a messenger of Satan, to
torment me. 8 Three times I pleaded with the Lord to take it away from me. 9
But he said to me, “My grace is sufficient for you, for my power is made
perfect in weakness.” Therefore I will boast all the more gladly about my
weaknesses, so that Christ’s power may rest on me. 10 That is why, for Christ’s
sake, I delight in weaknesses, in insults, in hardships, in persecutions, in
difficulties. For when I am weak, then I am strong.
Paul’s Concern for the Corinthians
11 I have made a fool of myself, but you drove me to it. I ought to
have been commended by you, for I am not in the least inferior to the “super-apostles,”[a]
even though I am nothing. 12 I persevered in demonstrating among you the marks
of a true apostle, including signs, wonders and miracles. 13 How were you
inferior to the other churches, except that I was never a burden to you?
Forgive me this wrong!
14 Now I am ready to visit you for the third time, and I will not be a
burden to you, because what I want is not your possessions but you. After all,
children should not have to save up for their parents, but parents for their
children. 15 So I will very gladly spend for you everything I have and expend
myself as well. If I love you more, will you love me less? 16 Be that as it
may, I have not been a burden to you. Yet, crafty fellow that I am, I caught
you by trickery! 17 Did I exploit you through any of the men I sent to you? 18
I urged Titus to go to you and I sent our brother with him. Titus did not
exploit you, did he? Did we not walk in the same footsteps by the same Spirit?
19 Have you been thinking all along that we have been defending
ourselves to you? We have been speaking in the sight of God as those in Christ;
and everything we do, dear friends, is for your strengthening. 20 For I am
afraid that when I come I may not find you as I want you to be, and you may not
find me as you want me to be. I fear that there may be discord, jealousy, fits
of rage, selfish ambition, slander, gossip, arrogance and disorder. 21 I am
afraid that when I come again my God will humble me before you, and I will be
grieved over many who have sinned earlier and have not repented of the
impurity, sexual sin and debauchery in which they have indulged.
Footnotes:
2 Corinthians 12:11 Or the most eminent apostles
2 Corinthians 13 New International Version (NIV)
Final Warnings
13 This will be my third visit to you. “Every matter must be
established by the testimony of two or three witnesses.”[a] 2 I already gave
you a warning when I was with you the second time. I now repeat it while
absent: On my return I will not spare those who sinned earlier or any of the others,
3 since you are demanding proof that Christ is speaking through me. He is not
weak in dealing with you, but is powerful among you. 4 For to be sure, he was
crucified in weakness, yet he lives by God’s power. Likewise, we are weak in
him, yet by God’s power we will live with him in our dealing with you.
5 Examine yourselves to see whether you are in the faith; test
yourselves. Do you not realize that Christ Jesus is in you—unless, of course,
you fail the test? 6 And I trust that you will discover that we have not failed
the test. 7 Now we pray to God that you will not do anything wrong—not so that
people will see that we have stood the test but so that you will do what is
right even though we may seem to have failed. 8 For we cannot do anything
against the truth, but only for the truth. 9 We are glad whenever we are weak
but you are strong; and our prayer is that you may be fully restored. 10 This
is why I write these things when I am absent, that when I come I may not have
to be harsh in my use of authority—the authority the Lord gave me for building
you up, not for tearing you down.
Final Greetings
11 Finally, brothers and sisters, rejoice! Strive for full restoration,
encourage one another, be of one mind, live in peace. And the God of love and
peace will be with you.
12 Greet one another with a holy kiss. 13 All God’s people here send
their greetings.
14 May the grace of the Lord Jesus Christ, and the love of God, and the
fellowship of the Holy Spirit be with you all.
Footnotes:
2 Corinthians 13:1 Deut. 19:15
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John Calvin’s Lost Commentary on 2 Corinthians Lost
John Calvin's Lost Commentary on the Book of 2 Corinthians
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New International Version (NIV)
Holy Bible, New International Version®, NIV® Copyright ©1973, 1978, 1984, 2011 by Biblica, Inc.® Used by permission. All rights reserved worldwide.
Some content adapted from Halley, Henry H., Bible Handbook, Grayson Publishing, Minneapolis, MN. © 1927 - 1959, 1964
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Hugh C. Wood, Atlanta, Georgia
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