Showing posts with label 24 elders. Show all posts
Showing posts with label 24 elders. Show all posts

Saturday, May 16, 2020

An Alternate Interpretation of the Book of Revelation - A Personal Return To God

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An Alternate Interpretation of the Book of Revelation - A Personal Return To God


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Quarantine Day 65.  Saturday.  This needs to end.






Hugh C. Wood, Atlanta, Georgia


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An Alternate Interpretation of the Book of Revelation


Modes of Interpreting Revelation

Over the centuries the four (4) accepted methods of interpreting or teaching Revelation have been:

a. The "Past History" view.
b. The "Symbolic History" View.
c. The "Continuous History" View.
d. The "Future History" View.

            It is accepted to teach Revelation under any of the above methods.   The “Future History” suffers from a relatively modern evangelical interpretation popularized by the publication of Cyrus Scofield (1843-1921). First published in 1909, who built much of the theory off John Nelson Darby (1800-1882).  This was known as Dispensationalism, a view made popular in England and America in the early 20th.

            Those “Classic” Interpretations of Revelation are again reviewed here.

a. The "Past History" view.

These previous profiles of current New Testament scholarship on Revelation show what is the dominant view of how to interpret the work in its historical context. This approach is sometimes called the "preterist" (or "past history") view, meaning that the events described in Revelation all took place in the past and the work must be read in that ancient historical context. It is almost universally followed in both New Testament scholarship and by scholars of Christian history. It is also the view taken within many Christian denominations, although it is often amended to suggest that all the historical events are past and that Revelation was describing a situation in the Roman empire, but that the final judgment in some literal sense is still to come as a future event.

On the other hand, religious interpretations of Revelation throughout Christian history have not always followed this approach. We shall here profile some other ways that the book has been read by those who want to apply it to their own times. In each case, the difference is how the "historical content" of Revelation is understood.

b. The "Symbolic History" View.

This view holds that while the precise historical circumstances of Revelation pertained to the Roman world at the end of the Ist century CE, that it nonetheless has a kind of universal and timeless message for God's dealing with humanity in all generations. Thus it looks for symbolic elements that may apply across the ages. This symbolic or allegorical view is what lay behind St. Augustine's reading of Revelation, in which he argued that the 1,000-year reign was not a literal number at all but a figurative way of describing the "age of the church" on earth. This view has been the dominant one in most mainstream Christian interpretation, especially in Catholic tradition. It has also been influential in some philosophical appropriations of Revelation in western thinking.

c. The "Continuous History" View.

While the "symbolic history" view (above 0 was more-or-less the official view of Revelation adopted by the medieval church, there continued to be literalist readings throughout the Middle Ages. In general, these views took a literal view of the 1,000 years as being the current age of the church. As a result this way of looking at Revelation led some to look to it for ongoing events in the history of Christianity. This mode of interpretation, which sees later events in Christian history as fulfilling "predictions" in the Book of Revelation, is known as the "continuous history" view.

The first major interpreter to develop this view into a system of reading Revelation with current predictive value was Joachim of Fiore (1132-1202 CE). Based on the number 42 months (Rev. 11.2), the duration of the "trampling of the temple," Joachim concluded that this was period equal to the 42 generations in Matthew's genealogy from Adam to Jesus (Matt. 1.17). So, he said that these 42 generations (or 1,260 years) marked the period from the birth of Jesus until the end he saw predicted in Revelation. He then looked identified particular events and individuals in Christian history as fulfilling elements in Revelation in a continuum from the days of Jesus until his own time. So, for example, the beast with seven heads (Rev. 13.1), which are explicitly identified as seven kings (Rev. 17.10) he identifies as evil rulers beginning with Herod the Great and continuing to Saladin, the Turkish leader who had only a few years earlier repulsed the Crusaders from the Holy Land. Joachim thus saw, a figure of his own day, as predicted in Revelation's unfolding of history from ancient to contemporary times.

From Joachim's day down to the mid-19th century, this pattern of calculation became the most common form of literalist interpretation of the "predictive" capacity of Revelation. It is therefore the most common mode of interpretation within literalist postmillenial expectation. It was a prominent feature of many end-time calculations and interpretations during the Reformation period in Europe. It was also used by Cotton Mather and others in colonial America and England; they regularly looked for current events that might be fulfillment of Revelation within this scheme, inevitably looking for elements that pointed toward the nearness of the end of time.

d. The "Future History" View.

A new mode of interpreting Revelation beginning in the early 19th century. It grew mostly out of Protestant theology with a strong reforming element, both in Britain and America. It also drew on the strong tradition of literalist interpretation of Revelation as predicting contemporary events that had become popular in these areas through the "continuous history" view. But this new mode began to look at the past history of Christianity from the New Testament through the Middle Ages and down to its own time in a different light. From this perspective, it was hard to compute how the 1,000 years, if taken literally, could refer to the past history of the church, since that would place the inauguration of the Millenium within the timeframe of the medieval Catholic Church. The new view, therefore, began to argue that none of the events described in the Book of Revelation after chapters 1-3 (i.e., John's vision and the letters to the seven churches of Asia) had yet come to pass. All the florid images of Revelation 4-22 were instead considered to be predictions of future events that would come to pass in literal terms as the return of Christ and the end approached. Thus, this view looks at Revelation as prediction of "future history."

Central to this mode of interpretation is the view that Revelation, along with most of the rest of the Bible constitutes a similar type of "prophecy" of the future, and it often refers to this overall scheme of interpretation as "Bible prophecy." Much of the interpretation that comes from this perspective involved linking various passages from different parts of the Bible to form a composite that fits current and future expectations. This mode of interpretation is also directly connected to the rise of pre-millenialism, the view that the 1,000 year reign of Christ will be a literal event that will occur only after Christ returns. Thus, the emphasis on interpreting Revelation, lies in equating its images with those events surrounding the return. Several different versions or systems have been proposed for how the actual events will work out.

The most popular has been that of John Nelson Darby (1800-1882), which is known as Dispensationalism, a view made popular in England and America in the early 20th century through the publication of Cyrus Scofield (1843-1921). First published in 1909, it came to be known as The Scofield Reference Bible. On each page it printed the King James translation of 1611 alongside of Scofield's own copious "notes" on how to read each passage of the Bible in conjunction with other "prophecies." It thus provided a chainlink interreferencing system to the Book of Revelation, by which one could jump from passage to passage to follow the "true" meaning. The Scofield Bible continued to be popular among certain Protestant Christian groups. From 1909 to 1967 it sold more than 10 million copies; reprinted in 1967, it is said to have sold another 2.5 million copies by 1990. More than any other "future history" interpretation, this one has had the most impact on current literalist interpretations of Revelation.

            A Fifth Interpretation 

            A Fifth Possible Interpretation by Edgar Casey.  

Before a traditional goes off the rails on the possible review of the “sleeping prophet” of Kentucky, consider the possibilities.

            When I re-encountered the possible Interpretation by Edgar Casey I was struck by the following parallels (which could not have been known by John in the 1st Century).

            A Comparison to of the 7 Churches to the 7 Charkas of the Human Body.  Every time I have examined Charkas it has been in the context of the study of an “Eastern” belief system.   As far as I know, I never encountered it in classical Christianity.  However, when Casey made the leap between the 7 churches on Asia Minor (Western Turkey) and the human body (the 7 Charkas), I was like:  Well it is at least possible that an or the interpretation of Revelation is a purely interpersonal one.  That is, it is possible that Revelation is out our own personal awakening or moving forward from where we are into the Throne Room of God?   This is perhaps blasphemy in relation to the ordinary interpretation, but possible.



            Casey makes a comparison between each of the 7 Charkas and the major interpretation of each one of the 7 churches.   He then makes a comparison of the 12 tribes to the 12 cranial nerves of the head moving and controlling the brain AND draws the double comparison of the 24 Elders to the doubling of the 12 Cranial Nerves across both hemispheres of the brain.

            There was no way, John knew of the 12 cranial nerves in the first century.  Yet here are these odd and spooky comparisons to known physical events.   Casey sees Revelation as a inner battle (with the Christ) of man battling his own demons and with and through the Christ overcoming them.   I know from my own study of the Torah that the “text” contains thousands (if not an infinite) of interpretations woven in by God into the text for us to discovery as we grow.  This was such a compelling, if not weird, interpretation of Revelation (a book that no one agrees on the meaning – except Christ wins in the End) that it is worth consideration.

            Here then is an overview, as prepared by NDE researcher Kevin Williams, of Edgar Casey’s interpretation of Revelation.

http://www.heartnsoul.com/revelation_explained.htm

The Book of Revelation Explained By Edgar Cayce

article by Kevin Williams

The final book of the Bible is called the Book of Revelation. Written by a man named John (possibly John the Apostle) toward the end of his life, he records a vision he experiences, probably while dreaming or meditating. This vision contains a tremendous amount of symbolism; the same kind of symbolism one would see in a dream, a vision of the spirit world. In fact, the Book of Revelation contains the same symbolism found in the symbols in the Prophet Daniel's dream. All Biblical dreams, such as those of Joseph, Gideon, Daniel, Paul, and Peter, are very symbolic and therefore had a hidden spiritual meaning rather than a literal interpretation of the symbols. Such is the case with the Book of Revelation.

Edgar Cayce was a Sunday School teacher who had many near-death experiences. As a result of these experiences, he was able to unlock the secrets to the symbolism in the Book of Revelation. He gave a large amount of information specifically for the purpose of discovering the book's hidden meaning. 

Cayce described the true nature between humanity and God. Cayce revealed that humans actually have three different levels of consciousness: the physical consciousness (the personality), the subconsciousness (the soul) and the superconsciousness (the spirit). One of our most important goals in life is to "awaken" our superconscious mind to attain what Cayce called "at-one-ment" with God.  (To learn how to do this click here)
The superconscious mind is called by many names by many religions in many different cultures. Some of these names are: Buddha consciousness, Christ consciousness, the Collective Mind, the Universal Mind, the Collective Unconsciousness, the Holy Spirit, Brahman, God, the Clear White Light, Allah, Higher Self, the Mind of Christ, etc. 
Cayce's references to "the Christ", "the Christ consciousness" and "the "Mind of Christ" has little to do with the personality known as Jesus. Cayce revealed that Jesus became "the Christ", in that he attained a full manifestation of the "Christ consciousness" - the divine nature within humanity. It is God's desire for all of humanity to become "Christs" (or "Buddhas" if you live in the East). Such a condition will truly bring the Kingdom of God to the Earth. Cayce revealed that the Book of Revelation is the symbolic story of how humanity in general (and a human in particular) attains this manifestation of the divine.
Cayce's symbolic interpretation about the Book of Revelation can be contained in a book all by itself. In fact, a whole book has been written about Cayce's interpretation of Revelation. It is entitled Edgar Cayce's Commentary on the Revelation. There is also a video on this subject from the ARE Foundation (the Cayce organization
What follows is a very brief (too brief) summary of the information he received.

Chapters 1-3:   Letters to the Churches
Literal:  John, on the island of Patmos, explains that he was in the Spirit when Christ appears to him standing in the midst of seven candlesticks. Christ then tells John to write down what he sees and hears concerning seven churches.

Interpretation:
While in meditation, John's conscious mind becomes open to his subconscious mind and his superconscious mind. The seven "churches" and the seven "seals" represent the seven "spiritual centers" (or "chakras") of the body where the physical, mental and spiritual forces all come together. The superconscious mind within John, tells him that anyone, who can regain control of these spiritual centers within their bodies, can access the superconscious mind, and never need to reincarnate again (Rev. 3:12). 

Chapter 4-11:   Christ opens the seals of the book in heaven

Literal:  John now appears at the throne of God and sees four beasts and twenty-four elders around it. On the throne sits God who has a book with seven seals. John weeps when he learns that no one can open the seals to the book. One of the elders tells John that Christ is able to open the seals. Christ then opens the seals, resulting in many Earth changes. The seventh seal unleashes seven angels who sound seven trumpets which are sounded one by one.

Interpretation:

John has a mental awakening when he attains the spiritual level of the superconscious mind, within the throne of his own body. The "four beasts" are his four lower spiritual center's animalistic desires and the "twenty-four elders" are the twenty-four nerves from his brain leading to his five senses. The superconscious mind, is now in full control of John's body. The body is symbolized as a "book" with "seven seals" which "no one has the ability to open on his own" (Rev. 5:3). Only through the development of the superconscious mind within a person, can these spiritual centers within the body be "opened" (i.e., spiritually activated). 
As each spiritual center within the body is activated, different parts of the body are purified and upheavals of the body occur mentally, physically, and spiritually. The superconscious mind spiritually activates the seventh spiritual center (the pituitary, the master gland of the body). As a result of this, it becomes "quiet in heaven for one half hour" (Rev. 9:1). This is symbolic of the perfect control of the mind for one half hour through meditation. The following are some of the symbols of Revelation interpreted by Cayce:

Symbol
Meaning
Paradise of God
the original consciousness of humanity before its fall into flesh
Tree of Life
the spiritual centers of the body, such as the heart and the pituitary, that becomes perfectly synchronized
Angel of the Church
the intelligent force governing a spiritual center within the body
Satan
self-centeredness, self-interest, self-gratification, self-righteousness, self-consciousness, self-glorification, self-condemnation, self-will, SELF
Book of Life
the collective unconscious record of all souls (memory)
Earth
the physical body
New Jerusalem
the superconscious mind awakened
nakedness
the exposure of faults
seven lamps
the wisdom of the seven spiritual centers within the body

Chapter 12-14:   A woman, a dragon, two beasts, and a lamb

Literal:  John sees a woman with twelve stars about to bear a child. Next to the woman is a dragon that is ready to devour the child she is giving birth to. After the child is born, the child is taken to the throne of God. Afterward, a war in heaven occurs and the devil and his angels are cast out of heaven to Earth. John also sees a beast rise out of the sea which the world worships. John then sees a lamb on the Earth and angels proclaiming the fall of Babylon.

Interpretation:

John is shown a picture of the soul of humanity in its development since the days of eternity. The "woman" symbolizes the soul of humanity crowned with "twelve stars," the twelve basic patterns of human personality as described in the zodiac. The "child she bears" is the conscious mind. As the conscious mind is born, a rival force of the self occurs, which brings about recurring periods of rebellion in humanity. Through divine intervention, the conscious mind is protected while the unconscious mind, from which it sprung, is withdrawn below the conscious level. This is the same story as symbolized as the fall of Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden. Rebellion from the physical brings conflict into the soul but the soul can remain above it by remaining concealed from the forces of self will.  
The "beast rising out of the sea" is the selfish animalistic desires that arise which are capable of ruling humanity. These desires spring from the self will of the unspiritual intellect of humanity whom the world worships as a "symbol of success." The human intellect, lacking spiritual orientation, cuts itself off from all that is divine. The "lamb" John sees are the forces of the superconscious mind in the world going into action. "Babylon", the human desire for Earthly riches and success in the gratification of the flesh, begins to be "destroyed" as humans are shown the consequences of their "prostitution" of their higher faculties.

Symbol
Meaning
the number for divinity
seven (Spirits of God, candlesticks), perfection
the number for man
six, imperfection
the mark of the beast
un-evolved animalistic behavior in humanity
the mark of the lamb
evolved divine behavior in humanity
the number of the beast (666)
un-evolved behavior (symbolized by the number 6), influencing all aspects of a human being(physical, mental and spiritual), which is symbolized by the number 666

Chapter 15-18:   Seven angels, seven vials of seven plagues, and a great prostitute riding a seven-headed beast.

Literal:  John is shown seven angels each of whom holds a vial containing a plague which they pour upon the Earth one at a time. John then sees a woman sitting on a seven-headed beast with ten horns. The woman wears on her forehead the name "Mystery, Babylon the Great, the Mother of Harlots and Abominations of the Earth." John is told the seven heads symbolize the seven mountains on which the woman sits and the ten horns symbolize ten kings. These make war against the lamb and the lamb conquers.

Interpretation:

John is seeing within the soul of humanity, the collective unconscious, that the souls of individuals are purified and tested on seven levels of consciousness symbolized by the "seven plagues" being poured out by the "seven angels". When all seven levels of consciousness have been "purified", then, and only then, can a person control the physical, mental, and spiritual forces within his body. 

Physical diseases arise from the misuse of the forces and self-gratification of the flesh, "wars" against universal truth. This brings about conflict in the world against groups and governments. The end of the "seven ordeals" comes when humanity's social institutions and concepts collapse, leaving universal truth to be realized. 

The "Prostitute of Babylon" symbolizes humanity's desire lust for riches and gratification of the flesh. The "beast" it rides on are man-made ideas stemming from self-gratification. It is explained to John that these forces have taken control of the seven spiritual centers of the human body, thereby becoming possessed and ruled. However, as the highest forces of evolving humanity overcome the forces of self, even the ten basic urges of the body, symbolized by the "ten horns", will in time fulfill the divine pattern. As the divine nature in humanity becomes less realized, society is destroyed by its own hand through self-gratification.

Symbol
Meaning
Seven plagues
the purification and tribulation the soul experiences which may overcome the karma of the soul
Vials of the wrath of God 
karma, consequences, reap what you sow, eye for an eye
Armageddon
spiritual conflict within a person
false prophet
self-delusion

Chapter 19-22:   Rejoicing in heaven, the devil thrown into a bottomless pit, a new heaven and new Earth.

Literal:  John now sees much rejoicing in heaven and the appearance of Christ. An angel casts the devil into a bottomless pit for one thousand years. John then sees a new heaven and a new Earth come into being.

Interpretation:

What was the final salvation of the bodily, mental, and spiritual forces described within John, now are shown to take place in collective humanity. When humanity recognizes the divinity within them as the controlling force in the world, and turns away from their own selfish pattern of living for self alone, the old pattern disappears and the Christ pattern emerges. 

John is told that the merging of the evolved self with the divine superconscious, which has taken place in John, must also take place in all humanity (Rev. 19:7). The fulfilled pattern of evolved humanity, the Christ (superconscious mind), is now shown in a position of power (the "second coming")

Now the archetype of humanity's continual rebellions, the self-willed intellect symbolized as the "devil", is confined for a time in the collective unconscious mind. During this period of one thousand years (the thousand year "rule of Christ"), only the evolved souls will be permitted to incarnate the Earth (Rev. 20:4). At the end of this period, the remaining souls begin to incarnate, bringing with them their unsatisfied ambitions and desires. This, of course, brings about the former conditions of imbalance (wars and plagues). These conditions, all man-made, are now themselves eliminated and all mental forms and patterns not formed by divine will are purged (Rev. 20:14)

The "new heaven and new Earth" John sees is humanity's perfected state of consciousness and regenerated body. The human mind at this point is now one with the divine in the perfection of control and is free from outside limitations. The human conscious mind merges with the superconscious mind. 

John states that if anyone adds or takes away from this book, that person will experience the plagues in this book. The "book" is the body, which is the vehicle for human experience in the world. Through it, the lessons of the soul are learned. There can be no shortcuts or meanderings without dire consequences to the body.

Symbol
Meaning
Marriage of the Lamb
the union of the self with the Christ consciousness
Word of God
the "logos", the Christ consciousness, the fulfilled evolved pattern of humanity
Lake of Fire
the subconscious mind's area of repression, the "id"
First Resurrection
the reincarnation of advanced souls
Gog and Magog
worldly influences
the dead in judgment
reincarnating souls
Hell
remorse, self-condemnation, guilt and frustration
Second death
the destruction of all man-made un-evolved conditions
12 tribes of Israel, 12 gates, 12 angels, 12 foundations, 12 disciples
the 12 basic patterns of human personality, the zodiac
Temple of God
the superconscious mind, the Christ consciousness
New Jerusalem
the evolved soul that is one with divinity
 
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vTc9IZH0Ed8

Edgar Cayce's Amazing Interpretation of The Book Of Revelation

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Edgar Cayce approaches the Revelation most closely to the traditional symbolic interpretation. But he saw beyond the symbolism of earthly matters, seeing the text filled with metaphors of mental and spiritual matters. In fact, Cayce teaches that the whole Bible is more than a historic record of humanity’s physical journey with God and with one another; it is also an allegory of metaphysical activities and influences. And as an allegory it contains hidden teachings, insights, lessons, and instructions concerning the origin, growth, and destiny of our nonphysical souls. And it is both a microcosmic view in which the story is very personal to each individual soul, and a macrocosmic view in which all souls are involved as a soul group.

For example, he taught that the biblical Adam did not only represent an individual soul but an entire soul group. (EC 900-227) And that our souls were among that group, a group called in the Book of Job the “Morning Stars.” Here’s that text: “Then the Lord answered Job out of the whirlwind, saying, Where were you when I laid the foundations of the Earth? Tell me, if you have understanding. Who laid the cornerstone, when the morning stars sang together, and all the sons of God shouted for joy?’” (Job 38:1-7)

Our souls were alive long before this incarnation and will live long after it. According to Cayce, the Bible tells the story of our souls’ journey (individually and as a group) from our creation in the image of God, through the fall from grace and the loss of the Garden, up through the struggles to regain that glory that was ours “before the world was.” (EC 1158-9 and John 17:5) The Revelation, according to Cayce, is a very special part of the great biblical story and should be studied as a kind of roadmap for the final spiritualization of our bodies and minds to fully reach our intended purpose for existence: eternal companionship with our Creator.

The psalmist wrote: “I say, You are gods, sons of the Most High, all of you.’” (Ps. 82:7) And even Jesus addressed this: “Is it not written in your law, I said, you are gods’? If he called them gods to whom the word of God came (and scripture cannot be broken), do you say of him whom the Father consecrated and sent into the world, You are blaspheming,’ because I said, I am the Son of God’?”

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I do realize that three is a risk that this slippery slope leads to Neville Goddard, to “the Law”, to “the Secret” and a non-biblical interpretation.  However, learning is about considering alternatives.  Thus, it is offered to the reader in that context.  Don’t lose sight of Romans 10:9.

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Hugh C. Wood, Atlanta, Georgia


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END


"Hugh C. Wood", "Hugh Wood", Book of Revelation, John the Elder, 5th Interpretation of Revelation, Edgar Casey, 7 churches, 7 charkas, 12 cranial nerves, 24 elders, a personal awakening and returning to God


Thursday, May 14, 2020

Teaching Notes Book of Revelation - Chapter 11

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Teaching Notes Book of Revelation - Chapter 11

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Quarantine Day 63.  Thursday.  This needs to end.
Courts are extending Zoom through at least June 2020
My guess is they are here forever.





Hugh C. Wood, Atlanta, Georgia

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Revelation 11

New International Version

The Two Witnesses

11 I was given a reed like a measuring rod and was told, “Go and measure the temple of God and the altar, with its worshipers. 2 But exclude the outer court; do not measure it, because it has been given to the Gentiles. They will trample on the holy city for 42 months. 3 And I will appoint my two witnesses, and they will prophesy for 1,260 days, clothed in sackcloth.” 4 They are “the two olive trees” and the two lampstands, and “they stand before the Lord of the earth.”[a] 5 If anyone tries to harm them, fire comes from their mouths and devours their enemies. This is how anyone who wants to harm them must die. 6 They have power to shut up the heavens so that it will not rain during the time they are prophesying; and they have power to turn the waters into blood and to strike the earth with every kind of plague as often as they want.





7 Now when they have finished their testimony, the beast that comes up from the Abyss will attack them, and overpower and kill them. 8 Their bodies will lie in the public square of the great city—which is figuratively called Sodom and Egypt—where also their Lord was crucified. 9 For three and a half days some from every people, tribe, language and nation will gaze on their bodies and refuse them burial. 10 The inhabitants of the earth will gloat over them and will celebrate by sending each other gifts, because these two prophets had tormented those who live on the earth.

11 But after the three and a half days the breath[b] of life from God entered them, and they stood on their feet, and terror struck those who saw them. 12 Then they heard a loud voice from heaven saying to them, “Come up here.” And they went up to heaven in a cloud, while their enemies looked on.

13 At that very hour there was a severe earthquake and a tenth of the city collapsed. Seven thousand people were killed in the earthquake, and the survivors were terrified and gave glory to the God of heaven.

14 The second woe has passed; the third woe is coming soon.

The Seventh Trumpet

15 The seventh angel sounded his trumpet, and there were loud voices in heaven, which said:

“The kingdom of the world has become
    the kingdom of our Lord and of his Messiah,
    and he will reign for ever and ever.”

16 And the twenty-four elders, who were seated on their thrones before God, fell on their faces and worshiped God, 17 saying:

“We give thanks to you, Lord God Almighty,
    the One who is and who was,
because you have taken your great power
    and have begun to reign.
18 The nations were angry,
    and your wrath has come.
The time has come for judging the dead,
    and for rewarding your servants the prophets
and your people who revere your name,
    both great and small—
and for destroying those who destroy the earth.”

19 Then God’s temple in heaven was opened, and within his temple was seen the ark of his covenant. And there came flashes of lightning, rumblings, peals of thunder, an earthquake and a severe hailstorm.

Footnotes
Revelation 11:4 See Zech. 4:3,11,14.
Revelation 11:11 Or Spirit (see Ezek. 37:5,14)

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5nvVVcYD-0w&

Bible Project
Revelation 1-11

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The Two Witnesses
Verses 1-2
1And there was given me a reed like a rod, and the angel stood, saying, “Rise, and measure the temple of God, and the altar, and those who worship therein, 2but the court which is outside the temple leave out, and measure it not, for it is given to the Gentiles, and they will tread the holy city under foot forty-two months.”
Commentary:

"...forty-two months" (3½ years or 1,260 days), see note on 13:5 [1]. It defines the length of time that the "holy city" will undergo hardship. This time frame is also observed in Daniel 12:11.

This passage may have its roots in Ezekiel 40-48, in which measuring also plays a very important role. However, this passage is not just a commentary, reference, or play on those chapters of Ezekiel. It likely deals with the destruction of the temple of Jerusalem. Whether or not it is about the past or the future depends on what date the Book of Revelation was written, which of course cannot fully be ascertained. Passages such as these support a date after 70 A.D., since they seem to describe the destruction of the temple.

Significance of measuring:

       1) Necessary before rebuilding and restoring – This would make sense after the destruction of the temple in 70AD.  On the other hand, why would John want to prepare to rebuild the old temple when a new earth is being created?
2) Assessed for destruction – This would make sense only in the unlikely event that this book was written prior to 70AD.

3) Setting aside some parts to be protected – This does not fit well with the idea that all are subject to the divine judgments before this portion in the book. The theme includes the notion that everyone, including Christians, will suffer to some degree.

4) Protection from spiritual harm – If the temple here does not signify the physical building but rather the group worshipping, this could refer to keeping believers spiritually safe. The temple is symbolic of all God's followers, not only a structure to worship in. This metaphorical interpretation is consistent with 3:12 and 13:6.[1]

The measuring rod has a connection to Ezekiel 40:3:

"He took me there, and behold, there was a man whose appearance was like the appearance of bronze. He had a line of flax and a measuring rod in his hand, and he stood in the gateway" (KJV).

"Rise, and measure the temple of God, and the altar, and those who worship therein" is an explanatory command of what John is supposed to measure on earth. He is supposed to measure the temple, the altar (which is located in the holy place), and "those who worship therein" = the counting of prients worshipping near the altar.

John is to proceed to measure the altar. Since the altar of incense is located in the holy place, which is part of the building that houses the holy of holies, this altar is more than likely the altar of burnt offerings. It (in the Herodian temple) was located in the court of the priests, which is the next area one sees when leaving the building that houses the holy of holies.
Verse 3
3“And I will give power to my two witnesses, and they will prophesy 1,260 days clothed in sackcloth.”
Commentary: While the two witnesses are unnamed, some commentaries have suggested some possible identities. Two of these interpretations include Enoch (Genesis 5:24) and Elijah (2 Kings 2:1-11) or Moses (Deuteronomy 18:15, 18) and Elijah. Even though John does not explain who these witnesses are, he does bring the reader's attention to their attire. They are said to be wearing sackcloth. This gives the reader a clue of the prophecies will entail. Attire made of sackcloth is usually indicative of a state of mourning (rf. Gen. 37:34). For they were faithful teachers of the Lord despite their trials. All who despise these witnesses and the teachers of the Lord will experience eternal death in hell rather than eternal life in Heaven. This chapter of Revelation gives hope to Christians, that even during times when the antichristians try to take over, there will be some holding firm to their ground (the witnesses)

The 1,260 days (3½ years) in this verse appears to be the same time period as the forty-two months of the preceding verse.

Verse 4
4“These are the two olive trees, and the two candlesticks standing before the God of the earth.”
Commentary: The olive trees reveal yet one more clue about the identity of the two witnesses. It is also a reference to Zechariah 4:14’s mentioning of the two anointed witnesses standing by the Lord of the entire earth. However, the iditity of the two witnesses is not revealed completely. Quite possibly, John recognized these witnesses as prophetic characters but did not know or did not have the ability to know their names, identity and character. The two candlesticks, or lampstands is this verse’s second clue about the identity of the two witnesses. It refers to Zechariah 4:11-13.

Zechariah 4:11-14, Then I said to him, “What are these two olive trees on the right of the lampstand and on its left?” And I answered the second time and said to him, “What are the two olive branches which are beside the two golden pipes, which empty the golden oil from themselves?” So he answered me, saying, “Do you not know what these are?” And I said, “No, my lord.” Then he said, “These are the two anointed ones who are standing by the Lord of the whole earth.”

Verse 5
5“And if anyone hurts them, fire proceeds out of their mouths and devours their enemies, and if anyone hurts them, he must in this manner be killed.”
Commentary: Those that would try to harm them are identified at the enemies of the two witnesses. Whether or not the fire is literal or symbolic has often been debated. It may be that the fire which will proceed forth from their mouths is the Word of God. God's word has been previously compared or associated with fire in the Bible as evidenced by Jeremiah 23:29 and Ps. 119:105. It could very well be literal fire, as John describes the fire devouring the enemies and "killing" them.

Verse 6
6“These have power to shut heaven, so that it does not rain in the days of their prophecy, and they have power over waters to turn them to blood, and to smite the earth with all plagues, as often as they will.”
Commentary: It is important to note that these two witness have been given to authority to induce plagues. Verse 6 seems to indicate that these plagues include, though are not explicitly restricted to, natural phenomenon. It has been suggested that the two witness are or at least allude to Moses and Elijah.

Verse 7
7“And when they have finished their testimony, the beast that ascends out of the bottomless pit will make war against them, and will overcome them, and kill them.”
Commentary: "And when they have finished their testimony" refers back to the 1260 days, or three and a half years, in Revelation 11:3. Because of these witnesses, many people will come to Jesus Christ because they were openly giving their testimony. "The beast that ascends out of the bottomless pit" refers back to the fourth scroll and the beasts that are introduced there. It is very important to John that readers understand how dangerous and bad the beasts are. While it may be hard to fathom, the beast here is not an animal, but a kingdom, or man, of course this may be figurative language that will tempt the people a final time before the judgement. "Will make war against them" is interesting because war is not typically thought of as one against two, but the power of the two witnesses is greater than that of the beast's armies. Therefore, the beast has to use every possible way to defeat the witnesses. "And will overcome them, and kill them" is the result of three and a half years of desiring this outcome. Having tormented the people without mercy, permission is possibly granted the beast to kill the witnesses. Satan is in the body of the Beast, or AntiChrist, and will kill them at the midpoint of the 7-year period.

Modern readers may associate the "bottomless pit" with Hell. This would be an error since the ancient Hebrew conception of the universe did not have a modern perception of a fiery hell deep in the earth. Although, there are elements in Revelation where hell begins to enter the picture, the ancient Hebrew conception would have been one that had Sheol directly underneath the earth and then under Sheol was the 'great deep'. Sheol is unlike hell because both the righteous and the unrighteous are sent after they die there to wait for the resurrection of the dead. Sheol might be translated 'the pit', the 'great abyss', or the 'grave' leading us to believe that the bottomless pit described here is not hell in a modern conception but a dark, slimy, pit, where both the righteous and unrighteous awaited the end times.


Verse 8
8“And their dead bodies will lie in the street of the great city, which spiritually is called Sodom and Egypt, where also our Lord was crucified.”
Commentary:

Jesus was crucified in Jerusalem, which makes Sodom and Egypt a dysphemism for Jerusalem. The two witnesses will serve, as Christ did, as a public display for all to see. In other words, Jerusalem is a place of slavery, oppression, and immorality. Witherington postulates without citation that John may have seen pilgrims to Jerusalem somehow corrupted by the city.


Verse 9
9“And the people, kindreds, tongues, and nations will see their dead bodies three and a half days, and will not allow their dead bodies to be put into graves.”
Commentary:

An unburied body was considered a soul's worst fate - the body becoming not animated life but meat - in the levantine tradition, as seen in Isiah 5.25 and Psalms 2.30.

For three and a half days the world will be celebrating the deaths of the witnesses because through their deaths, the judgments from Heaven fell onto the Earth.

Verse 10
10“And they that dwell upon the earth will rejoice over them, and make merry, and will send gifts one to another, because these two prophets tormented them that dwelt on the earth.”
Commentary: Those that have survived the opening of the seals and the judgement will rejoice because they have overcome the trials and tribulations. They will also rejoice by sending gifts to one another. The two prophets that came were a torment to those who lived sinful lives on earth and were blamed for the problems that the sin had caused on the Earth.

Verse 11
11“And after three and a half days the spirit of life from God entered into them, and they stood upon their feet, and great fear fell upon them which saw them.”
Commentary: This could be referring to the first resurrection of martyrs, which we learn more Chapter 20. Just as Jesus rose from the dead after 3 days, these two prophets receive eternal life from the Holy Spirit. And, just like Jesus, their bodies will be raised after 3 days. This will be a rude awakening for the world because everyone will think that they are dead, but they will live after 3 days.

Verse 12
12“And they heard a great voice from heaven saying to them, ‘Come up hither.’ And they ascended up to heaven in a cloud, and their enemies watched them.”
Commentary: The ascension of the two witnesses into heaven mirrors the story of Elijah being caught up into heaven in 2 Kings 2:11. By including the detail that the enemies of the witnesses watch the ascension, the author of the Book of Revelation is reiterating a point found repeatedly in the text: Evil does not really conquer Good, it wins temporary victories that further God's plans for the world. While it is true that the forces of the beast are able to overcome and kill God's two witnesses, the enemies of the witnesses, those who refuse to believe and worship God, are themselves witnesses to God's power and ability to grant a life beyond death for faith and loyalty.

Verse 13
13“And the same hour there was a great earthquake and a tenth of the city fell, and in the earthquake seven thousand people were killed, and the remainder were afraid and gave glory to the God of heaven.”
Commentary:

The death of seven thousand can be interpreted as a reversal of the events in 1 Kings 19.18, when god promises Elisha that seven thousand godfearing Israelites will be spared a vengeful death, while the rest will be killed as punishment for praying to Baal. Combined with the knowledge that only a tenth of the city is demolished while the rest are saved, the fate of Jerusalem, at least in this verse, is a relatively tame one.

Verse 14
14“The second woe is past. Behold, the third woe comes quickly.”
Commentary:

The promise of a third woe is not answered in chapter 11. Instead, this ominous setup leads into a hymn of praise.





The Seventh Trumpet
Verse 15
15And the seventh angel sounded, and there were great voices in heaven, saying, “The kingdoms of this world have become the kingdoms of our Lord, and of his Christ, and he will reign forever and ever.”
Commentary: This is signifying that after the seventh trumpet (God's complete number and presumably the last of God's plagues on the earth) and in the end of all things, the Lord and Christ will reign over the earthly kingdom and make it his own. The voices in heaven can be seen as rejoicing because they have been waiting for this day for quite some time.

Verse 16
16And the four and twenty elders, which sat before God on their seats, fell upon their faces and worshipped God, 17saying, “We give you thanks, O Lord God Almighty, who is, and was, and is to come, because you have taken to yourself your great power, and have reigned.”
Commentary: Notice in this verse that God has become of reality, he is no longer "was, is, and is to come".

Verse 18
18And the nations were angry, and your wrath is come, and the time of the dead, that they should be judged, and that you should reward your servants the prophets, and the saints, and those who fear your name, small and great, and should destroy those who destroy the earth.
Commentary: This is basically describing the scene that has just happened. Because of God's wrath, the people and non-believers of the world became angry at him, but since most of them have died, they are all going to be judged. At the same time, God is rewarding all the believers of the world with everlasting life in heaven. The last phrase is just reiterating the fact that God is punishing the sinners of the world particularly those who were a force of destruction in the world.

Verse 19
19And the temple of God was opened in heaven, and the ark of his covenant was seen in his temple, and there were lightnings, voices, thunderings, an earthquake, and great hail.
Commentary: The ark of the covenant, which according to the Torah was used to house the original stones upon which God wrote the Ten Commandments, symbolizes law and judgment. Before the destruction of the temple in 70 CE the ark of the covenant was housed in the holiest of holies which was the innermost chamber of the temple which only the high priest was allowed to enter. After the destruction of the temple the ark became lost, something which would have been of great concern to Jews and some Christians. The fact that the ark is described in being in the heavenly temple instead of the earthly one might be an indication that the date of Revelation is after the destruction of the temple. This is the time of God’s judgment upon the Earth. Like the seventh seal, the seventh trumpet is not an end, but a new beginning. When it is sounded, yet another series of seven catastrophic judgments begins. These are the seven bowls which are poured out on the earth by seven angels coming out of the heavenly temple. But before the bowls are poured out, John is shown several things which further shed light on the events of the end.

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Zechariah 4 New International Version (NIV)

The Gold Lampstand and the Two Olive Trees

4 Then the angel who talked with me returned and woke me up, like someone awakened from sleep. 2 He asked me, “What do you see?”

I answered, “I see a solid gold lampstand with a bowl at the top and seven lamps on it, with seven channels to the lamps. 3 Also there are two olive trees by it, one on the right of the bowl and the other on its left.”

4 I asked the angel who talked with me, “What are these, my lord?”

5 He answered, “Do you not know what these are?”

“No, my lord,” I replied.

6 So he said to me, “This is the word of the Lord to Zerubbabel: ‘Not by might nor by power, but by my Spirit,’ says the Lord Almighty.

7 “What are you, mighty mountain? Before Zerubbabel you will become level ground. Then he will bring out the capstone to shouts of ‘God bless it! God bless it!’”

8 Then the word of the Lord came to me: 9 “The hands of Zerubbabel have laid the foundation of this temple; his hands will also complete it. Then you will know that the Lord Almighty has sent me to you.

10 “Who dares despise the day of small things, since the seven eyes of the Lord that range throughout the earth will rejoice when they see the chosen capstone[a] in the hand of Zerubbabel?”

11 Then I asked the angel, “What are these two olive trees on the right and the left of the lampstand?”

12 Again I asked him, “What are these two olive branches beside the two gold pipes that pour out golden oil?”

13 He replied, “Do you not know what these are?”

“No, my lord,” I said.

14 So he said, “These are the two who are anointed to[b] serve the Lord of all the earth.”

Footnotes:
Zechariah 4:10 Or the plumb line
Zechariah 4:14 Or two who bring oil and

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Ezekiel 37 New International Version (NIV)

The Valley of Dry Bones

37 The hand of the Lord was on me, and he brought me out by the Spirit of the Lord and set me in the middle of a valley; it was full of bones. 2 He led me back and forth among them, and I saw a great many bones on the floor of the valley, bones that were very dry. 3 He asked me, “Son of man, can these bones live?”

I said, “Sovereign Lord, you alone know.”

4 Then he said to me, “Prophesy to these bones and say to them, ‘Dry bones, hear the word of the Lord! 5 This is what the Sovereign Lord says to these bones: I will make breath[a] enter you, and you will come to life. 6 I will attach tendons to you and make flesh come upon you and cover you with skin; I will put breath in you, and you will come to life. Then you will know that I am the Lord.’”

7 So I prophesied as I was commanded. And as I was prophesying, there was a noise, a rattling sound, and the bones came together, bone to bone. 8 I looked, and tendons and flesh appeared on them and skin covered them, but there was no breath in them.

9 Then he said to me, “Prophesy to the breath; prophesy, son of man, and say to it, ‘This is what the Sovereign Lord says: Come, breath, from the four winds and breathe into these slain, that they may live.’” 10 So I prophesied as he commanded me, and breath entered them; they came to life and stood up on their feet—a vast army.

11 Then he said to me: “Son of man, these bones are the people of Israel. They say, ‘Our bones are dried up and our hope is gone; we are cut off.’ 12 Therefore prophesy and say to them: ‘This is what the Sovereign Lord says: My people, I am going to open your graves and bring you up from them; I will bring you back to the land of Israel. 13 Then you, my people, will know that I am the Lord, when I open your graves and bring you up from them. 14 I will put my Spirit in you and you will live, and I will settle you in your own land. Then you will know that I the Lord have spoken, and I have done it, declares the Lord.’”

One Nation Under One King
15 The word of the Lord came to me: 16 “Son of man, take a stick of wood and write on it, ‘Belonging to Judah and the Israelites associated with him.’ Then take another stick of wood, and write on it, ‘Belonging to Joseph (that is, to Ephraim) and all the Israelites associated with him.’ 17 Join them together into one stick so that they will become one in your hand.

18 “When your people ask you, ‘Won’t you tell us what you mean by this?’ 19 say to them, ‘This is what the Sovereign Lord says: I am going to take the stick of Joseph—which is in Ephraim’s hand—and of the Israelite tribes associated with him, and join it to Judah’s stick. I will make them into a single stick of wood, and they will become one in my hand.’ 20 Hold before their eyes the sticks you have written on 21 and say to them, ‘This is what the Sovereign Lord says: I will take the Israelites out of the nations where they have gone. I will gather them from all around and bring them back into their own land. 22 I will make them one nation in the land, on the mountains of Israel. There will be one king over all of them and they will never again be two nations or be divided into two kingdoms. 23 They will no longer defile themselves with their idols and vile images or with any of their offenses, for I will save them from all their sinful backsliding,[b] and I will cleanse them. They will be my people, and I will be their God.

24 “‘My servant David will be king over them, and they will all have one shepherd. They will follow my laws and be careful to keep my decrees. 25 They will live in the land I gave to my servant Jacob, the land where your ancestors lived. They and their children and their children’s children will live there forever, and David my servant will be their prince forever. 26 I will make a covenant of peace with them; it will be an everlasting covenant. I will establish them and increase their numbers, and I will put my sanctuary among them forever. 27 My dwelling place will be with them; I will be their God, and they will be my people. 28 Then the nations will know that I the Lord make Israel holy, when my sanctuary is among them forever.’”

Footnotes:
Ezekiel 37:5 The Hebrew for this word can also mean wind or spirit (see verses 6-14).
Ezekiel 37:23 Many Hebrew manuscripts (see also Septuagint); most Hebrew manuscripts all their dwelling places where they sinned

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Hugh C. Wood, Atlanta, Georgia

New International Version (NIV)

Holy Bible, New International Version®, NIV® Copyright ©1973, 1978, 1984, 2011 by Biblica, Inc.® Used by permission. All rights reserved worldwide.

(c) Ben Witherington III, Revelation, Cambridge University Press: New York, 2003.

Witherington, Ben. Revelation. Cambridge Univeristy Press, 2003.

https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Biblical_Studies/New_Testament_Commentaries/Revelation/Chapter_11

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