Showing posts with label 7 churches. Show all posts
Showing posts with label 7 churches. Show all posts

Saturday, May 16, 2020

An Alternate Interpretation of the Book of Revelation - A Personal Return To God

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An Alternate Interpretation of the Book of Revelation - A Personal Return To God


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Quarantine Day 65.  Saturday.  This needs to end.






Hugh C. Wood, Atlanta, Georgia


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An Alternate Interpretation of the Book of Revelation


Modes of Interpreting Revelation

Over the centuries the four (4) accepted methods of interpreting or teaching Revelation have been:

a. The "Past History" view.
b. The "Symbolic History" View.
c. The "Continuous History" View.
d. The "Future History" View.

            It is accepted to teach Revelation under any of the above methods.   The “Future History” suffers from a relatively modern evangelical interpretation popularized by the publication of Cyrus Scofield (1843-1921). First published in 1909, who built much of the theory off John Nelson Darby (1800-1882).  This was known as Dispensationalism, a view made popular in England and America in the early 20th.

            Those “Classic” Interpretations of Revelation are again reviewed here.

a. The "Past History" view.

These previous profiles of current New Testament scholarship on Revelation show what is the dominant view of how to interpret the work in its historical context. This approach is sometimes called the "preterist" (or "past history") view, meaning that the events described in Revelation all took place in the past and the work must be read in that ancient historical context. It is almost universally followed in both New Testament scholarship and by scholars of Christian history. It is also the view taken within many Christian denominations, although it is often amended to suggest that all the historical events are past and that Revelation was describing a situation in the Roman empire, but that the final judgment in some literal sense is still to come as a future event.

On the other hand, religious interpretations of Revelation throughout Christian history have not always followed this approach. We shall here profile some other ways that the book has been read by those who want to apply it to their own times. In each case, the difference is how the "historical content" of Revelation is understood.

b. The "Symbolic History" View.

This view holds that while the precise historical circumstances of Revelation pertained to the Roman world at the end of the Ist century CE, that it nonetheless has a kind of universal and timeless message for God's dealing with humanity in all generations. Thus it looks for symbolic elements that may apply across the ages. This symbolic or allegorical view is what lay behind St. Augustine's reading of Revelation, in which he argued that the 1,000-year reign was not a literal number at all but a figurative way of describing the "age of the church" on earth. This view has been the dominant one in most mainstream Christian interpretation, especially in Catholic tradition. It has also been influential in some philosophical appropriations of Revelation in western thinking.

c. The "Continuous History" View.

While the "symbolic history" view (above 0 was more-or-less the official view of Revelation adopted by the medieval church, there continued to be literalist readings throughout the Middle Ages. In general, these views took a literal view of the 1,000 years as being the current age of the church. As a result this way of looking at Revelation led some to look to it for ongoing events in the history of Christianity. This mode of interpretation, which sees later events in Christian history as fulfilling "predictions" in the Book of Revelation, is known as the "continuous history" view.

The first major interpreter to develop this view into a system of reading Revelation with current predictive value was Joachim of Fiore (1132-1202 CE). Based on the number 42 months (Rev. 11.2), the duration of the "trampling of the temple," Joachim concluded that this was period equal to the 42 generations in Matthew's genealogy from Adam to Jesus (Matt. 1.17). So, he said that these 42 generations (or 1,260 years) marked the period from the birth of Jesus until the end he saw predicted in Revelation. He then looked identified particular events and individuals in Christian history as fulfilling elements in Revelation in a continuum from the days of Jesus until his own time. So, for example, the beast with seven heads (Rev. 13.1), which are explicitly identified as seven kings (Rev. 17.10) he identifies as evil rulers beginning with Herod the Great and continuing to Saladin, the Turkish leader who had only a few years earlier repulsed the Crusaders from the Holy Land. Joachim thus saw, a figure of his own day, as predicted in Revelation's unfolding of history from ancient to contemporary times.

From Joachim's day down to the mid-19th century, this pattern of calculation became the most common form of literalist interpretation of the "predictive" capacity of Revelation. It is therefore the most common mode of interpretation within literalist postmillenial expectation. It was a prominent feature of many end-time calculations and interpretations during the Reformation period in Europe. It was also used by Cotton Mather and others in colonial America and England; they regularly looked for current events that might be fulfillment of Revelation within this scheme, inevitably looking for elements that pointed toward the nearness of the end of time.

d. The "Future History" View.

A new mode of interpreting Revelation beginning in the early 19th century. It grew mostly out of Protestant theology with a strong reforming element, both in Britain and America. It also drew on the strong tradition of literalist interpretation of Revelation as predicting contemporary events that had become popular in these areas through the "continuous history" view. But this new mode began to look at the past history of Christianity from the New Testament through the Middle Ages and down to its own time in a different light. From this perspective, it was hard to compute how the 1,000 years, if taken literally, could refer to the past history of the church, since that would place the inauguration of the Millenium within the timeframe of the medieval Catholic Church. The new view, therefore, began to argue that none of the events described in the Book of Revelation after chapters 1-3 (i.e., John's vision and the letters to the seven churches of Asia) had yet come to pass. All the florid images of Revelation 4-22 were instead considered to be predictions of future events that would come to pass in literal terms as the return of Christ and the end approached. Thus, this view looks at Revelation as prediction of "future history."

Central to this mode of interpretation is the view that Revelation, along with most of the rest of the Bible constitutes a similar type of "prophecy" of the future, and it often refers to this overall scheme of interpretation as "Bible prophecy." Much of the interpretation that comes from this perspective involved linking various passages from different parts of the Bible to form a composite that fits current and future expectations. This mode of interpretation is also directly connected to the rise of pre-millenialism, the view that the 1,000 year reign of Christ will be a literal event that will occur only after Christ returns. Thus, the emphasis on interpreting Revelation, lies in equating its images with those events surrounding the return. Several different versions or systems have been proposed for how the actual events will work out.

The most popular has been that of John Nelson Darby (1800-1882), which is known as Dispensationalism, a view made popular in England and America in the early 20th century through the publication of Cyrus Scofield (1843-1921). First published in 1909, it came to be known as The Scofield Reference Bible. On each page it printed the King James translation of 1611 alongside of Scofield's own copious "notes" on how to read each passage of the Bible in conjunction with other "prophecies." It thus provided a chainlink interreferencing system to the Book of Revelation, by which one could jump from passage to passage to follow the "true" meaning. The Scofield Bible continued to be popular among certain Protestant Christian groups. From 1909 to 1967 it sold more than 10 million copies; reprinted in 1967, it is said to have sold another 2.5 million copies by 1990. More than any other "future history" interpretation, this one has had the most impact on current literalist interpretations of Revelation.

            A Fifth Interpretation 

            A Fifth Possible Interpretation by Edgar Casey.  

Before a traditional goes off the rails on the possible review of the “sleeping prophet” of Kentucky, consider the possibilities.

            When I re-encountered the possible Interpretation by Edgar Casey I was struck by the following parallels (which could not have been known by John in the 1st Century).

            A Comparison to of the 7 Churches to the 7 Charkas of the Human Body.  Every time I have examined Charkas it has been in the context of the study of an “Eastern” belief system.   As far as I know, I never encountered it in classical Christianity.  However, when Casey made the leap between the 7 churches on Asia Minor (Western Turkey) and the human body (the 7 Charkas), I was like:  Well it is at least possible that an or the interpretation of Revelation is a purely interpersonal one.  That is, it is possible that Revelation is out our own personal awakening or moving forward from where we are into the Throne Room of God?   This is perhaps blasphemy in relation to the ordinary interpretation, but possible.



            Casey makes a comparison between each of the 7 Charkas and the major interpretation of each one of the 7 churches.   He then makes a comparison of the 12 tribes to the 12 cranial nerves of the head moving and controlling the brain AND draws the double comparison of the 24 Elders to the doubling of the 12 Cranial Nerves across both hemispheres of the brain.

            There was no way, John knew of the 12 cranial nerves in the first century.  Yet here are these odd and spooky comparisons to known physical events.   Casey sees Revelation as a inner battle (with the Christ) of man battling his own demons and with and through the Christ overcoming them.   I know from my own study of the Torah that the “text” contains thousands (if not an infinite) of interpretations woven in by God into the text for us to discovery as we grow.  This was such a compelling, if not weird, interpretation of Revelation (a book that no one agrees on the meaning – except Christ wins in the End) that it is worth consideration.

            Here then is an overview, as prepared by NDE researcher Kevin Williams, of Edgar Casey’s interpretation of Revelation.

http://www.heartnsoul.com/revelation_explained.htm

The Book of Revelation Explained By Edgar Cayce

article by Kevin Williams

The final book of the Bible is called the Book of Revelation. Written by a man named John (possibly John the Apostle) toward the end of his life, he records a vision he experiences, probably while dreaming or meditating. This vision contains a tremendous amount of symbolism; the same kind of symbolism one would see in a dream, a vision of the spirit world. In fact, the Book of Revelation contains the same symbolism found in the symbols in the Prophet Daniel's dream. All Biblical dreams, such as those of Joseph, Gideon, Daniel, Paul, and Peter, are very symbolic and therefore had a hidden spiritual meaning rather than a literal interpretation of the symbols. Such is the case with the Book of Revelation.

Edgar Cayce was a Sunday School teacher who had many near-death experiences. As a result of these experiences, he was able to unlock the secrets to the symbolism in the Book of Revelation. He gave a large amount of information specifically for the purpose of discovering the book's hidden meaning. 

Cayce described the true nature between humanity and God. Cayce revealed that humans actually have three different levels of consciousness: the physical consciousness (the personality), the subconsciousness (the soul) and the superconsciousness (the spirit). One of our most important goals in life is to "awaken" our superconscious mind to attain what Cayce called "at-one-ment" with God.  (To learn how to do this click here)
The superconscious mind is called by many names by many religions in many different cultures. Some of these names are: Buddha consciousness, Christ consciousness, the Collective Mind, the Universal Mind, the Collective Unconsciousness, the Holy Spirit, Brahman, God, the Clear White Light, Allah, Higher Self, the Mind of Christ, etc. 
Cayce's references to "the Christ", "the Christ consciousness" and "the "Mind of Christ" has little to do with the personality known as Jesus. Cayce revealed that Jesus became "the Christ", in that he attained a full manifestation of the "Christ consciousness" - the divine nature within humanity. It is God's desire for all of humanity to become "Christs" (or "Buddhas" if you live in the East). Such a condition will truly bring the Kingdom of God to the Earth. Cayce revealed that the Book of Revelation is the symbolic story of how humanity in general (and a human in particular) attains this manifestation of the divine.
Cayce's symbolic interpretation about the Book of Revelation can be contained in a book all by itself. In fact, a whole book has been written about Cayce's interpretation of Revelation. It is entitled Edgar Cayce's Commentary on the Revelation. There is also a video on this subject from the ARE Foundation (the Cayce organization
What follows is a very brief (too brief) summary of the information he received.

Chapters 1-3:   Letters to the Churches
Literal:  John, on the island of Patmos, explains that he was in the Spirit when Christ appears to him standing in the midst of seven candlesticks. Christ then tells John to write down what he sees and hears concerning seven churches.

Interpretation:
While in meditation, John's conscious mind becomes open to his subconscious mind and his superconscious mind. The seven "churches" and the seven "seals" represent the seven "spiritual centers" (or "chakras") of the body where the physical, mental and spiritual forces all come together. The superconscious mind within John, tells him that anyone, who can regain control of these spiritual centers within their bodies, can access the superconscious mind, and never need to reincarnate again (Rev. 3:12). 

Chapter 4-11:   Christ opens the seals of the book in heaven

Literal:  John now appears at the throne of God and sees four beasts and twenty-four elders around it. On the throne sits God who has a book with seven seals. John weeps when he learns that no one can open the seals to the book. One of the elders tells John that Christ is able to open the seals. Christ then opens the seals, resulting in many Earth changes. The seventh seal unleashes seven angels who sound seven trumpets which are sounded one by one.

Interpretation:

John has a mental awakening when he attains the spiritual level of the superconscious mind, within the throne of his own body. The "four beasts" are his four lower spiritual center's animalistic desires and the "twenty-four elders" are the twenty-four nerves from his brain leading to his five senses. The superconscious mind, is now in full control of John's body. The body is symbolized as a "book" with "seven seals" which "no one has the ability to open on his own" (Rev. 5:3). Only through the development of the superconscious mind within a person, can these spiritual centers within the body be "opened" (i.e., spiritually activated). 
As each spiritual center within the body is activated, different parts of the body are purified and upheavals of the body occur mentally, physically, and spiritually. The superconscious mind spiritually activates the seventh spiritual center (the pituitary, the master gland of the body). As a result of this, it becomes "quiet in heaven for one half hour" (Rev. 9:1). This is symbolic of the perfect control of the mind for one half hour through meditation. The following are some of the symbols of Revelation interpreted by Cayce:

Symbol
Meaning
Paradise of God
the original consciousness of humanity before its fall into flesh
Tree of Life
the spiritual centers of the body, such as the heart and the pituitary, that becomes perfectly synchronized
Angel of the Church
the intelligent force governing a spiritual center within the body
Satan
self-centeredness, self-interest, self-gratification, self-righteousness, self-consciousness, self-glorification, self-condemnation, self-will, SELF
Book of Life
the collective unconscious record of all souls (memory)
Earth
the physical body
New Jerusalem
the superconscious mind awakened
nakedness
the exposure of faults
seven lamps
the wisdom of the seven spiritual centers within the body

Chapter 12-14:   A woman, a dragon, two beasts, and a lamb

Literal:  John sees a woman with twelve stars about to bear a child. Next to the woman is a dragon that is ready to devour the child she is giving birth to. After the child is born, the child is taken to the throne of God. Afterward, a war in heaven occurs and the devil and his angels are cast out of heaven to Earth. John also sees a beast rise out of the sea which the world worships. John then sees a lamb on the Earth and angels proclaiming the fall of Babylon.

Interpretation:

John is shown a picture of the soul of humanity in its development since the days of eternity. The "woman" symbolizes the soul of humanity crowned with "twelve stars," the twelve basic patterns of human personality as described in the zodiac. The "child she bears" is the conscious mind. As the conscious mind is born, a rival force of the self occurs, which brings about recurring periods of rebellion in humanity. Through divine intervention, the conscious mind is protected while the unconscious mind, from which it sprung, is withdrawn below the conscious level. This is the same story as symbolized as the fall of Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden. Rebellion from the physical brings conflict into the soul but the soul can remain above it by remaining concealed from the forces of self will.  
The "beast rising out of the sea" is the selfish animalistic desires that arise which are capable of ruling humanity. These desires spring from the self will of the unspiritual intellect of humanity whom the world worships as a "symbol of success." The human intellect, lacking spiritual orientation, cuts itself off from all that is divine. The "lamb" John sees are the forces of the superconscious mind in the world going into action. "Babylon", the human desire for Earthly riches and success in the gratification of the flesh, begins to be "destroyed" as humans are shown the consequences of their "prostitution" of their higher faculties.

Symbol
Meaning
the number for divinity
seven (Spirits of God, candlesticks), perfection
the number for man
six, imperfection
the mark of the beast
un-evolved animalistic behavior in humanity
the mark of the lamb
evolved divine behavior in humanity
the number of the beast (666)
un-evolved behavior (symbolized by the number 6), influencing all aspects of a human being(physical, mental and spiritual), which is symbolized by the number 666

Chapter 15-18:   Seven angels, seven vials of seven plagues, and a great prostitute riding a seven-headed beast.

Literal:  John is shown seven angels each of whom holds a vial containing a plague which they pour upon the Earth one at a time. John then sees a woman sitting on a seven-headed beast with ten horns. The woman wears on her forehead the name "Mystery, Babylon the Great, the Mother of Harlots and Abominations of the Earth." John is told the seven heads symbolize the seven mountains on which the woman sits and the ten horns symbolize ten kings. These make war against the lamb and the lamb conquers.

Interpretation:

John is seeing within the soul of humanity, the collective unconscious, that the souls of individuals are purified and tested on seven levels of consciousness symbolized by the "seven plagues" being poured out by the "seven angels". When all seven levels of consciousness have been "purified", then, and only then, can a person control the physical, mental, and spiritual forces within his body. 

Physical diseases arise from the misuse of the forces and self-gratification of the flesh, "wars" against universal truth. This brings about conflict in the world against groups and governments. The end of the "seven ordeals" comes when humanity's social institutions and concepts collapse, leaving universal truth to be realized. 

The "Prostitute of Babylon" symbolizes humanity's desire lust for riches and gratification of the flesh. The "beast" it rides on are man-made ideas stemming from self-gratification. It is explained to John that these forces have taken control of the seven spiritual centers of the human body, thereby becoming possessed and ruled. However, as the highest forces of evolving humanity overcome the forces of self, even the ten basic urges of the body, symbolized by the "ten horns", will in time fulfill the divine pattern. As the divine nature in humanity becomes less realized, society is destroyed by its own hand through self-gratification.

Symbol
Meaning
Seven plagues
the purification and tribulation the soul experiences which may overcome the karma of the soul
Vials of the wrath of God 
karma, consequences, reap what you sow, eye for an eye
Armageddon
spiritual conflict within a person
false prophet
self-delusion

Chapter 19-22:   Rejoicing in heaven, the devil thrown into a bottomless pit, a new heaven and new Earth.

Literal:  John now sees much rejoicing in heaven and the appearance of Christ. An angel casts the devil into a bottomless pit for one thousand years. John then sees a new heaven and a new Earth come into being.

Interpretation:

What was the final salvation of the bodily, mental, and spiritual forces described within John, now are shown to take place in collective humanity. When humanity recognizes the divinity within them as the controlling force in the world, and turns away from their own selfish pattern of living for self alone, the old pattern disappears and the Christ pattern emerges. 

John is told that the merging of the evolved self with the divine superconscious, which has taken place in John, must also take place in all humanity (Rev. 19:7). The fulfilled pattern of evolved humanity, the Christ (superconscious mind), is now shown in a position of power (the "second coming")

Now the archetype of humanity's continual rebellions, the self-willed intellect symbolized as the "devil", is confined for a time in the collective unconscious mind. During this period of one thousand years (the thousand year "rule of Christ"), only the evolved souls will be permitted to incarnate the Earth (Rev. 20:4). At the end of this period, the remaining souls begin to incarnate, bringing with them their unsatisfied ambitions and desires. This, of course, brings about the former conditions of imbalance (wars and plagues). These conditions, all man-made, are now themselves eliminated and all mental forms and patterns not formed by divine will are purged (Rev. 20:14)

The "new heaven and new Earth" John sees is humanity's perfected state of consciousness and regenerated body. The human mind at this point is now one with the divine in the perfection of control and is free from outside limitations. The human conscious mind merges with the superconscious mind. 

John states that if anyone adds or takes away from this book, that person will experience the plagues in this book. The "book" is the body, which is the vehicle for human experience in the world. Through it, the lessons of the soul are learned. There can be no shortcuts or meanderings without dire consequences to the body.

Symbol
Meaning
Marriage of the Lamb
the union of the self with the Christ consciousness
Word of God
the "logos", the Christ consciousness, the fulfilled evolved pattern of humanity
Lake of Fire
the subconscious mind's area of repression, the "id"
First Resurrection
the reincarnation of advanced souls
Gog and Magog
worldly influences
the dead in judgment
reincarnating souls
Hell
remorse, self-condemnation, guilt and frustration
Second death
the destruction of all man-made un-evolved conditions
12 tribes of Israel, 12 gates, 12 angels, 12 foundations, 12 disciples
the 12 basic patterns of human personality, the zodiac
Temple of God
the superconscious mind, the Christ consciousness
New Jerusalem
the evolved soul that is one with divinity
 
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vTc9IZH0Ed8

Edgar Cayce's Amazing Interpretation of The Book Of Revelation

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Edgar Cayce approaches the Revelation most closely to the traditional symbolic interpretation. But he saw beyond the symbolism of earthly matters, seeing the text filled with metaphors of mental and spiritual matters. In fact, Cayce teaches that the whole Bible is more than a historic record of humanity’s physical journey with God and with one another; it is also an allegory of metaphysical activities and influences. And as an allegory it contains hidden teachings, insights, lessons, and instructions concerning the origin, growth, and destiny of our nonphysical souls. And it is both a microcosmic view in which the story is very personal to each individual soul, and a macrocosmic view in which all souls are involved as a soul group.

For example, he taught that the biblical Adam did not only represent an individual soul but an entire soul group. (EC 900-227) And that our souls were among that group, a group called in the Book of Job the “Morning Stars.” Here’s that text: “Then the Lord answered Job out of the whirlwind, saying, Where were you when I laid the foundations of the Earth? Tell me, if you have understanding. Who laid the cornerstone, when the morning stars sang together, and all the sons of God shouted for joy?’” (Job 38:1-7)

Our souls were alive long before this incarnation and will live long after it. According to Cayce, the Bible tells the story of our souls’ journey (individually and as a group) from our creation in the image of God, through the fall from grace and the loss of the Garden, up through the struggles to regain that glory that was ours “before the world was.” (EC 1158-9 and John 17:5) The Revelation, according to Cayce, is a very special part of the great biblical story and should be studied as a kind of roadmap for the final spiritualization of our bodies and minds to fully reach our intended purpose for existence: eternal companionship with our Creator.

The psalmist wrote: “I say, You are gods, sons of the Most High, all of you.’” (Ps. 82:7) And even Jesus addressed this: “Is it not written in your law, I said, you are gods’? If he called them gods to whom the word of God came (and scripture cannot be broken), do you say of him whom the Father consecrated and sent into the world, You are blaspheming,’ because I said, I am the Son of God’?”

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I do realize that three is a risk that this slippery slope leads to Neville Goddard, to “the Law”, to “the Secret” and a non-biblical interpretation.  However, learning is about considering alternatives.  Thus, it is offered to the reader in that context.  Don’t lose sight of Romans 10:9.

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Hugh C. Wood, Atlanta, Georgia


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END


"Hugh C. Wood", "Hugh Wood", Book of Revelation, John the Elder, 5th Interpretation of Revelation, Edgar Casey, 7 churches, 7 charkas, 12 cranial nerves, 24 elders, a personal awakening and returning to God


Monday, May 11, 2020

Teaching Notes Book of Revelation - Chapter 7

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Teaching Notes Book of Revelation - Chapter 7

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Quarantine Day 58.  Monday, there is no physical church. [How can that be?  US Const. 1A,  18 USC 242] 



Hugh C. Wood, Atlanta, Georgia

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Revelation 7

New International Version

144,000 Sealed


7 After this I saw four angels standing at the four corners of the earth, holding back the four winds of the earth to prevent any wind from blowing on the land or on the sea or on any tree. 2 Then I saw another angel coming up from the east, having the seal of the living God. He called out in a loud voice to the four angels who had been given power to harm the land and the sea: 3 “Do not harm the land or the sea or the trees until we put a seal on the foreheads of the servants of our God.” 4 Then I heard the number of those who were sealed: 144,000 from all the tribes of Israel.

5 From the tribe of Judah 12,000 were sealed,

from the tribe of Reuben 12,000,

from the tribe of Gad 12,000,

6 from the tribe of Asher 12,000,

from the tribe of Naphtali 12,000,

from the tribe of Manasseh 12,000,

7 from the tribe of Simeon 12,000,

from the tribe of Levi 12,000,

from the tribe of Issachar 12,000,

8 from the tribe of Zebulun 12,000,

from the tribe of Joseph 12,000,

from the tribe of Benjamin 12,000.

The Great Multitude in White Robes
9 After this I looked, and there before me was a great multitude that no one could count, from every nation, tribe, people and language, standing before the throne and before the Lamb. They were wearing white robes and were holding palm branches in their hands. 10 And they cried out in a loud voice:

“Salvation belongs to our God,
who sits on the throne,
and to the Lamb.”

11 All the angels were standing around the throne and around the elders and the four living creatures. They fell down on their faces before the throne and worshiped God, 12 saying:

“Amen!
Praise and glory
and wisdom and thanks and honor
and power and strength
be to our God for ever and ever.
Amen!”

13 Then one of the elders asked me, “These in white robes—who are they, and where did they come from?”

14 I answered, “Sir, you know.”

And he said, “These are they who have come out of the great tribulation; they have washed their robes and made them white in the blood of the Lamb. 15 Therefore,

“they are before the throne of God
    and serve him day and night in his temple;
and he who sits on the throne
    will shelter them with his presence.
16 ‘Never again will they hunger;
    never again will they thirst.
The sun will not beat down on them,’[a]
    nor any scorching heat.
17 For the Lamb at the center of the throne
    will be their shepherd;
‘he will lead them to springs of living water.’[b]
    ‘And God will wipe away every tear from their eyes.’[c]”

Footnotes
Revelation 7:16 Isaiah 49:10
Revelation 7:17 Isaiah 49:10
Revelation 7:17 Isaiah 25:8


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Bible Project
Revelation 1-11

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A Hundred and Forty-four Thousand Israelites Are Sealed

Verses 1-3

1And after these things I saw four angels standing on the four corners of the earth, holding the four winds of the earth, that the wind should not blow on the earth, nor on the sea, nor on any tree. 2And I saw another angel ascending from the east, having the seal of the living God, and he cried with a loud voice to the four angels to whom it was given to hurt the earth and the sea, 3saying, “Hurt not the earth, nor the sea, nor the trees, till we have sealed the servants of our God in their foreheads.”

Commentary: Chapter 7 is a pause in the chronology of Revelation. The interruption of the events that are transpiring in this revelation are interrupted to inform the reader of God's activity. It explains God's program of grace and salvation during the judgment period. The "winds" represent the already started judgment of the earth, and the four angels who "hold" them are "pausing" the Tribulation until God's special servants can be sealed. These servants are sealed just before the trumpeted judgement. The servants will then be martyred before the final judgement. The winds in this verse could also be referring to the four horseman of the apocalypse. Some scholars believe the "pause" actually occurs before the opening of the seals, others believe the chronology is literal and that the first six seals have already run their course. Either interpretation is possible and satisfactory. The reader is also provided with great insight into God's divine plan for the Jewish people during this first half of the Tribulation. His word to preserve the seed of Abraham is kept.

“Hurt not the earth, nor the sea, nor the trees, till we have sealed the servants of our God in their foreheads.” In 14:1, the 144,000 are described as “having His Father’s name written on their foreheads,” and 22:4 says that God’s servants “shall see his face, and his name shall be on their foreheads.” Notice that this is a fixed number here and that he is referring to those who are already servants of God, not a form of baptism. To have the “seal of God” on their foreheads or the "Father's name" on their foreheads appears to be figurative language for the same thing. It is also thought that the servants had a X put upon their head as a symbol of the cross. For more on the possible significance of this, see the commentary on 3:12 [1].

Verses 4-8

4And I heard the number of those who were sealed, and there were 144,000 of all the tribes of the children of Israel.
5Of the tribe of Judah were sealed twelve thousand.
Of the tribe of Reuben were sealed twelve thousand.
Of the tribe of Gad were sealed twelve thousand.
6Of the tribe of Asher were sealed twelve thousand.
Of the tribe of Nephthalim were sealed twelve thousand.
Of the tribe of Manasseh were sealed twelve thousand.
7Of the tribe of Simeon were sealed twelve thousand.
Of the tribe of Levi were sealed twelve thousand.
Of the tribe of Issachar were sealed twelve thousand.
8Of the tribe of Zebulon were sealed twelve thousand.
Of the tribe of Joseph were sealed twelve thousand.
Of the tribe of Benjamin were sealed twelve thousand.
Commentary: Compare 14:1-5 [2].

How literal is the 144,000 servants of God and who are they? Many answers have been offered including Israel, the most recent generation of Christians, all Christians, only Christians who were killed on account of their beliefs, or even Jewish Christians. Later John mentions an innumerable multitude instead of only 144,000. Perhaps confusion comes from using symbolism which is no longer easily accessible to modern day readers. When put in the context of the rest of the vision, it seems Christians are told they are not to fear as long as they remain faithful to Christ. The number 144,000 (12 x 12 x 1000) likely represents the complete quantity of believers. [1]

The seal shows ownership and security, just as a king's signet ring did for documents. God's protection from wrath is over this populace.

The tribe of Dan is omitted from John's list of tribes, but the list still totals the correct number of tribes. There are still twelve tribes because both the tribe of Joseph and the tribe of Manasseh are both listed despite the fact that the tribe of Joseph is traditionally described as the combination of Manasseh and Ephraim. The absence of the tribe of Dan has often led to speculation as to why Dan was omitted, even spawning suggestions that the Antichrist, or the False Prophet, was to come from the tribe of Dan, despite the fact that the author offers no explanation. This correlated with Genesis 49 vs 17 and it certainly seems to be the meaning of an ancient prophecy that Jacob had given about the tribes of Israel, "Dan will be a serpent in the way, a venomous viper by the path, that bites the horse's heels so that his rider falls backward".

However it is entirely possible that it was an honest omission, due to the confusion about the distinction between Joseph, Manasseh, and Ephraim.However, this omission cannot be fully deciphered since John gives no reason for their removal.
It is interesting that he notes the tribes as the literal twelve tribes of Israel, because at the time of writing the book John would have been aware that they did not exist. After being conquered by both the Assyrians and the Babylonians, the tribes were never again truly reunited. It may be reasoned that the author is suggested that there will be a great reunification that will undo the scattering of the tribes. This section also appeals distinctly to a Jewish tradition, perhaps to either maintain the connection to Judaism or in order to bring more Jews into Christianity. The next passage, however, extends the message of unity to Gentiles as well, which reflects Christianity's nature of including both insiders and outsiders to Judaism.

It is also worth noting that the hundred and forty-four thousand appear again later, in Chapter 14. [3].

A Great Multitude before the Throne of God

Verses 9-10

9After this I beheld, and a great multitude, which no one could number, of all nations, kindreds, peoples, and tongues stood before the throne, and before the Lamb, clothed with white robes and with palms in their hands, 10and crying with a loud voice, saying, “Salvation to our God who sits upon the throne, and to the Lamb.”
Commentary:

Interpretation 1: Through the evangelism of the sealed Jews, a great multitude of Gentiles are saved as well. These are given white robes to symbolize righteousness and palms to symbolize peace. The multitude praises God for their salvation. Note the final fulfilment of God's promise to Abraham that through his seed all the nations of the world would be blessed.

Interpretation 2: While some have speculated that the "great multitude" are converts resulting from an evangelistic campaign of the 144,000 in the previous passage, this is an interpretation which is imposed upon the text, rather than stated or implied within it, so such a view must be held with reservations. Similarly, the identification of the 144,000 as Jews, while not unusual, may also be a misinterpretation (see commentary on verses 4-8, above). Who, then, is this multitude? If the interpretation (see on 4-8) of the 144,000 as resurrected martyrs is correct, this multitude may be the rest of the resurrected people of God, who naturally would be far more numerous. The martyrs come first because they have a special status, but the two passages are possibly two parts of a single vision of the resurrected people of God.

It is possible that this great multitude, by extension of the above passage, completes the number of those who are "sealed." (With regard to the sealing of believers, see verses 1-3 above with link to cross-reference.)

Witherington hypothesizes the word salvation (soteria) in the Greek may have shades of rescue, portraying god as rescuer of his people. Unfortunately for the sufferers, the rescue party arrives after they're already dead.

These two verses also hold some special value because they are the first time that God's promise of salvation is discussed in light of the plagues and destructive forces unleashed upon the earth.

Verses 11-12

11And all the angels stood round about the throne, and about the elders and the four beasts, and fell before the throne on their faces, and worshiped God, 12saying, “Amen. Blessing, glory, wisdom, thanksgiving, honor, power, and might be to our God forever and ever. Amen.”
Commentary: The angels and the saved already present join in the praise, offering a sevenfold benediction to God. Since all in heaven agree with and participate in God's plan, all are thankful for its fulfillment. The angels standing around the throne represents the great quantity of "adorers of God" in heaven. Amen usually is a concluding statement in prayer or praise. But it is followed by a doxology. This doxology has seven powerful words. The seven words may be associated with completion in the end of time. These words describe God perfectly, but also may be a prayer for the end of time and the judgement. This may also show that God's plan and design of the end of time, as well as heaven is complete and perfect. The saved in heaven will experience complete and perfect happiness though God's design and his sacrifice of Christ Jesus.

A word on translation. The word Amen comes from the Hebrew root for firm, and by extension, truly, solidly, absolutely. It is an indication that this is an absolute. All Blessings, and all Glory, and all wisdom, and all thanksgiving, and all honor, and power and might be unto "our" God. Absolutely! Truly!

Verses 13-14

13And one of the elders answered, saying to me, “Who are these who are dressed in white robes? And where did they come from? 14And I said to him, “Sir, you know.” And he said to me, “These are those who came out of great tribulation, and have washed their robes and made them white in the blood of the Lamb.”

Commentary: These redeemed Gentiles are either saints martyred during the Tribulation, or those who survive and enter the Millennial Kingdom, or both. They have been washed of their sins and are fully acceptable to God.

An elder addresses John with a seemingly rhetorical question concerning the multitude "clothed with white robes" first seen in verse 9. This presents the reader with an interesting shifting of roles. One would expect John to be asking the questions, considering that he is the ignorant one, but instead it is the wise elder who poses a question to John. The effect of this role reversal is that the exchange appears staged and draws the reader's attention even more closely to the surrounding events. The answer given by the elder is that they are those who "came out of great tribulation." This may be a reference to the Rapture, or the Resurrection, or both, for they take place at the time of the Tribulation.

It is interesting to note the colorful contradiction within this verse. The elder states that the robes are washed with blood (a red substance), but somehow emerge white. Obviously, this is meant as a symbolic metaphor. This "blood of the Lamb" may be an allusion to the Crucifixion, though it may also refer to the Spirit of God which was embodied in Jesus, who used the metaphor of blood for the Spirit, saying, "Whoever eats my flesh and drinks my blood has eternal life, and I will raise him up at the last day" (Jn 6:54).

Verse 15

15“Therefore they are before the throne of God and serve him day and night in his temple, and he that sits on the throne will dwell among them.”

Commentary: Because they went through this "Great Ordeal" and are and have been servants of God on Earth, they are presented as a righteous assembly before the Throne of God. Serving him day and night simply means to just worship God for all eternity similar to the elders in the throne room. In return, God will give them His love and all the blessings that entails including sparing them from the trials the rest of the Earthly inhabitants are facing since they have earned this right.

The "Therefore" could also refer back to Jesus' death on the cross. Because He died a martyr's death, the ultimate martyr's death, humans are able to bow before the throne of God. His cross has sealed the Lord's servants in righteousness. This is why they are around the throne, and serve Him day and night. This is also why He shall never leave nor forsake them.

Verses 16-17

16“They will hunger no more, nor thirst any more, nor will the sun shine on them, nor any heat, 17for the Lamb which is in the midst of the throne will feed them, and will lead them to living fountains of waters, and God will wipe every tear from their eyes.

Commentary: These people hunger no more because they have eaten the bread and therefore hunger no more. The bread that is being eaten is the bread of life, Jesus Chirst. Once one eats this bread, they hunger no more and live forever. And there will be no more suffering, no pain, no sorrow for all eternity. The heat here may be referring to the devil and Hell since it is often thought of being warm with many open flames. In the presence of God, there is only joy and light. He will give them all they need in every respect. The "living fountains of waters" are reminiscent of the "hidden manna" of 2:17 [4].

These verse feeds the martyr fetish seen throughout Revelation, portraying the final reward for enduring suffering on earth. It is a fantastic, but hopeful picture that presumably encouraged those in tribulation. Through the blood of God and Jesus Christ, they have been washed clean of their sins.

Although this verse seemingly ends the series of catastrophes wrought on Earth, this is not the case. Suffering is only over for those who are in heaven worshipping. Their tribulations on Earth have given them a special place in Heaven, but the judgements unleashed on Earth continue in the next few chapters which deal with the Seven Trumpets. Still, this verse serves to end the dramatic action of the Seven Seals. Although the seventh is not opened until the next verse, it serves a pause in the action before more judgement is inflicted upon the Earth with the blowing of the trumpets. Therefore, the seventh seal is in place mostly to serve as the completion of this section of Revelation.

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Hugh C. Wood, Atlanta, Georgia

New International Version (NIV)

Holy Bible, New International Version®, NIV® Copyright ©1973, 1978, 1984, 2011 by Biblica, Inc.® Used by permission. All rights reserved worldwide.

(c) Ben Witherington III, Revelation, Cambridge University Press: New York, 2003.

Witherington, Ben. Revelation. Cambridge Univeristy Press, 2003.

https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Biblical_Studies/New_Testament_Commentaries/Revelation/Chapter_4

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